diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index e550700..54466f5 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 /target
-test.json
+
diff --git a/src/acme.rs b/src/acme.rs
index 7ea4bea..f729faf 100644
--- a/src/acme.rs
+++ b/src/acme.rs
@@ -30,9 +30,18 @@ pub struct AcmeOrder {
 	pub certificate: Option<String>,
 }
 
+#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+pub mod relevant_directory {
+	pub static NEW_NONCE: &'static str = "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-nonce";
+	pub static NEW_ACCOUNT: &'static str = "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-acct";
+	pub static NEW_ORDER: &'static str = "https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-order";
+	pub static TOS: &'static str = "https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.3-September-21-2022.pdf";
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
 pub mod relevant_directory {
 	pub static NEW_NONCE: &'static str = "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-nonce";
 	pub static NEW_ACCOUNT: &'static str = "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-acct";
 	pub static NEW_ORDER: &'static str = "https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/acme/new-order";
-	pub static TOS: &'static str = "https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf";
+	pub static TOS: &'static str = "https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.3-September-21-2022.pdf";
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/acmec_context.rs b/src/acmec_context.rs
index 393cc5c..fd32b36 100644
--- a/src/acmec_context.rs
+++ b/src/acmec_context.rs
@@ -1,34 +1,46 @@
-use std::cell::{RefCell, RefMut};
+use std::{ffi::OsString, rc::Rc};
 use reqwest::blocking::Client as HttpClient;
-use openssl::pkey::{self, PKey};
+use openssl::pkey::{PKey, Private};
+
+use crate::{ConfigFile, lazy_mut::LazyMut, pem_to_keypair};
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct AcmecContext<'a> {
-	http_client: RefCell<HttpClient>,
-	keypair: &'a pkey::PKey<pkey::Private>,
-	key_id: Option<String>,
+pub struct AcmecContext {
+	http_client: LazyMut<HttpClient>,
+	keypair: PKey<Private>,
+	key_id: Option<Rc<String>>,
 }
 
-impl<'a> AcmecContext<'a> {
-    pub fn new(keypair: &'a PKey<pkey::Private>) -> Self {
+impl AcmecContext {
+    pub fn new(keypair: PKey<Private>) -> Self {
     	Self {
-    		http_client: RefCell::new(HttpClient::new()), keypair, key_id: None,
+    		http_client: LazyMut::default(), keypair, key_id: None,
     	}
     }
+    pub fn with_config_file(config_file: &ConfigFile, pem_passphrase: Option<OsString>) -> Result<Self, &'static str> {
+        let borrow = config_file.account_details();
+        let account_details = borrow.as_ref().ok_or("invalid config file")?;
+        let kp = pem_to_keypair(&(account_details.pem_kp), pem_passphrase)?;
+        let mut context = Self::new(kp);
+        context.set_key_id(account_details.kid.clone());
+        drop(borrow);
 
-    pub fn http_client(&self) -> RefMut<'_, HttpClient> {
-    	return self.http_client.borrow_mut();
+        return Ok(context);
     }
 
-    pub fn keypair(&self) -> &pkey::PKey<pkey::Private> {
-    	return self.keypair;
+    pub fn http_client(&mut self) -> &mut HttpClient {
+    	return &mut(self.http_client);
+    }
+
+    pub fn keypair(&self) -> &PKey<Private> {
+    	return &(self.keypair);
     }
 
     pub fn set_key_id(&mut self, key_id: String) {
-    	self.key_id = Some(key_id);
+    	self.key_id = Some(Rc::new(key_id));
     	return;
     }
-    pub fn key_id(&self) -> Option<&String> {
-    	return self.key_id.as_ref();
+    pub fn key_id(&self) -> Option<Rc<String>> {
+    	return self.key_id.clone();
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/clean_file.rs b/src/clean_file.rs
index 8ca848c..c04165a 100644
--- a/src/clean_file.rs
+++ b/src/clean_file.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{fs::File, io::{Seek, Write}};
 
 pub struct CleanFile {
 	path: String,
-	file: File,
+	file: Option<File>,
 	created: bool,
 	written_to: bool,
 }
@@ -16,27 +16,34 @@ impl CleanFile {
 			_ => "failed to open file"
 		})?;
 
-		return Ok(Self { path, file, created: create, written_to: false, });
+		return Ok(Self { path, file: Some(file), created: create, written_to: false, });
 	}
 
 	fn delete_file(&mut self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		return std::fs::remove_file(&(self.path)).map_err(|_| "failed to delete file");
+		return if let Some(_) = self.file.take() {
+			std::fs::remove_file(&(self.path)).map_err(|_| "failed to delete file")
+		} else { Ok(()) };
 	}
 	pub fn delete(mut self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
 		return self.delete_file();
 	}
 
 	pub fn write<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, bytes: T) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		self.file.set_len(0).map_err(|_| "failed to truncate file")?;
-		self.file.seek(std::io::SeekFrom::Start(0)).map_err(|_| "failed to seek file")?;
-		self.file.write_all(bytes.as_ref()).map_err(|_| "failed to write to file")?;
+		let file: &mut File = self.file.as_mut().ok_or("file deleted")?;
+		file.set_len(0).map_err(|_| "failed to truncate file")?;
+		file.seek(std::io::SeekFrom::Start(0)).map_err(|_| "failed to seek file")?;
+		file.write_all(bytes.as_ref()).map_err(|_| "failed to write to file")?;
 
 		self.written_to = true;
 		return Ok(());
 	}
 
-	pub fn file(&self) -> &File {
-		return &(self.file);
+	pub fn file(&self) -> Result<&File, &'static str> {
+		return self.file.as_ref().ok_or("failed deleted");
+	}
+
+	pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
+		return &(self.path);
 	}
 }
 impl Drop for CleanFile {
diff --git a/src/config_file.rs b/src/config_file.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 97d52a6..0000000
--- a/src/config_file.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-use std::cell::{RefCell, Ref};
-
-use crate::{clean_file::CleanFile, stringify_ser};
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct AccountDetails {
-	// account key
-	pub pem_kp: Vec<u8>,
-	pub kid: String,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-pub struct OrderDetails {
-	pub url: String,
-	pub challenges: Vec<String>,
-	pub finalize: String,
-	pub dns_names: Vec<String>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
-struct AcmecConfig {
-	// account
-	account_details: RefCell<Option<AccountDetails>>,
-
-	// current pending order
-	order_details: RefCell<Option<OrderDetails>>,
-	pkey_pem: RefCell<Option<Vec<u8>>>,
-}
-impl Default for AcmecConfig {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-    	return Self {
-    		account_details: RefCell::new(None),
-
-    		order_details: RefCell::new(None),
-    		pkey_pem: RefCell::new(None),
-    	};
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct ConfigFile {
-	clean_file: RefCell<CleanFile>,
-	config: AcmecConfig,
-}
-impl ConfigFile {
-	fn write(&self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		return self.clean_file.borrow_mut().write(stringify_ser(&(self.config))?.as_bytes());
-	}
-	pub fn open(path: String, create: bool) -> Result<Self, &'static str> {
-		let clean_file = RefCell::new(CleanFile::open(path, create)?);
-		let config: AcmecConfig = serde_json::from_reader(clean_file.borrow().file()).unwrap_or_default();
-		return Ok(Self { clean_file, config });		
-	}
-	pub fn delete(self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		return self.clean_file.into_inner().delete();
-	}
-
-	pub fn account_details(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<AccountDetails>> {
-		return self.config.account_details.borrow();
-	}
-	pub fn set_account_details(&self, account_details: AccountDetails) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		self.config.account_details.borrow_mut().replace(account_details);
-		return self.write();
-	}
-
-	pub fn order_details(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<OrderDetails>> {
-		return self.config.order_details.borrow();
-	}
-	pub fn set_order_details(&self, order_details: OrderDetails) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		self.config.order_details.borrow_mut().replace(order_details);
-		return self.write();
-	}
-
-	pub fn pkey_pem(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-		return self.config.pkey_pem.borrow();
-	}
-	pub fn set_pkey_pem(&self, pkey_pem: Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		self.config.pkey_pem.borrow_mut().replace(pkey_pem);
-		return self.write();
-	}
-
-	pub fn discard_order(&mut self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-		self.config.order_details.borrow_mut().take();
-		self.config.pkey_pem.borrow_mut().take();
-		return self.write();
-	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/config_file/acmec_config.rs b/src/config_file/acmec_config.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..096c204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config_file/acmec_config.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+use std::cell::{RefCell, Ref};
+use super::{AccountDetails, OrderDetails};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct AcmecConfig {
+	// account
+	account_details: RefCell<Option<AccountDetails>>,
+
+	// current pending order
+	order_details: RefCell<Option<OrderDetails>>,
+	pkey_pem: RefCell<Option<Vec<u8>>>,
+
+	changed: RefCell<bool>,
+}
+impl AcmecConfig {
+	fn mutate<T>(&self, target: &RefCell<Option<T>>, new: Option<T>) {
+		*self.changed.borrow_mut() = true;
+		let mut borrow = target.borrow_mut();
+		if let Some(new) = new {
+			borrow.replace(new);
+		} else {
+			borrow.take();
+		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	pub fn account_details(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<AccountDetails>> {
+		return self.account_details.borrow();
+	}
+	pub fn set_account_details(&self, account_details: AccountDetails) {
+		return self.mutate(&(self.account_details), Some(account_details));
+	}
+
+	pub fn order_details(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<OrderDetails>> {
+		return self.order_details.borrow();
+	}
+	pub fn set_order_details(&self, order_details: OrderDetails) {
+		return self.mutate(&(&self.order_details), Some(order_details));
+	}
+
+	pub fn pkey_pem(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+		return self.pkey_pem.borrow();
+	}
+	pub fn set_pkey_pem(&self, pkey_pem: Vec<u8>) {
+		return self.mutate(&(self.pkey_pem), Some(pkey_pem));
+	}
+
+	pub fn discard_order(&mut self) {
+		self.mutate(&(self.order_details), None);
+		self.mutate(&(self.pkey_pem), None);
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	pub fn changed(&self) -> bool {
+		return *self.changed.borrow();
+	}
+}
+impl Default for AcmecConfig {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+    	return Self {
+    		account_details: RefCell::new(None),
+
+    		order_details: RefCell::new(None),
+    		pkey_pem: RefCell::new(None),
+
+    		changed: RefCell::new(false),
+    	};
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/config_file/mod.rs b/src/config_file/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8adc24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config_file/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use crate::{clean_file::CleanFile, stringify_ser};
+
+mod acmec_config;
+use acmec_config::AcmecConfig;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct AccountDetails {
+	// account key
+	pub pem_kp: Vec<u8>,
+	pub kid: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
+pub struct OrderDetails {
+	pub url: String,
+	pub challenges: Vec<String>,
+	pub finalize: String,
+	pub dns_names: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+pub struct ConfigFile {
+	clean_file: Option<CleanFile>,
+	config: AcmecConfig,
+}
+impl ConfigFile {
+	pub fn open(path: String, create: bool) -> Result<Self, &'static str> {
+		let clean_file = CleanFile::open(path, create)?;
+		let config: AcmecConfig = serde_json::from_reader(clean_file.file().unwrap()).unwrap_or_default();
+		return Ok(Self { clean_file: Some(clean_file), config, });		
+	}
+	pub fn delete(mut self) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+		return self.clean_file.take().unwrap().delete();
+	}
+	pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
+		return self.clean_file.as_ref().unwrap().path();
+	}
+}
+impl Deref for ConfigFile {
+	type Target = AcmecConfig;
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+	    return &(self.config);
+	}
+}
+impl DerefMut for ConfigFile {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+    	return &mut(self.config);
+    }
+}
+impl Drop for ConfigFile {
+	fn drop(&mut self) {
+		let Some(mut clean_file) = self.clean_file.take() else {
+			return;
+		};
+		if self.changed() {
+			let json_config = stringify_ser(&(self.config)).unwrap();
+			clean_file.write(json_config).unwrap();
+		}
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/lazy_mut.rs b/src/lazy_mut.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfe0edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lazy_mut.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct LazyMut<T: Default>(Option<T>);
+impl<T: Default> Deref for LazyMut<T> {
+	type Target = T;
+	fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+		unreachable!();
+	}
+}
+impl<T: Default> DerefMut for LazyMut<T> {
+	fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+		return self.0.get_or_insert_with(|| T::default());
+	}
+}
+impl<T: Default> Default for LazyMut<T> {
+	fn default() -> Self {
+		return Self(None);
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index f17adba..73f7e37 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@
 // jws uses account key
 // csrs embed public keys of keypairs generated per certificate; csr representations are placed in a jws payload
 
-use std::{env, os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt, cell::RefMut, str::from_utf8};
+use std::{env, os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt, str::from_utf8, ops::Deref, thread::sleep, time::Duration, ffi::OsString};
 use openssl::{
 	rsa::Rsa,
 	sign::Signer,
 	hash::MessageDigest,
-	pkey::{self, PKey},
+	pkey::{PKey, Private},
 	symm::Cipher,
 	
-	x509::{X509Req, extension::SubjectAlternativeName},
+	x509::{X509Req, extension::SubjectAlternativeName, X509Builder},
 	stack::Stack,
 
-	base64::encode_block as b64e,
+	base64::encode_block as b64e, asn1::Asn1Time,
 };
 use reqwest::{self, header::HeaderValue, blocking::{Client as HttpClient, Response as HttpResponse}};
 use {serde, serde_json};
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ use config_file::*;
 mod acmec_context;
 use acmec_context::AcmecContext;
 
+mod lazy_mut;
+
 fn stringify_ser<T: serde::ser::Serialize>(s: T) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
 	return serde_json::to_string(&s).map_err(|_| "failed to stringify");
 }
@@ -61,11 +63,34 @@ fn decode_response<T: serde::de::DeserializeOwned>(resp: HttpResponse) -> Result
 	return resp.json().map_err(|_| "failed to decode response");
 }
 
+fn gen_keypair() -> Result<PKey<Private>, &'static str> {
+	return Rsa::generate(2048)
+		.and_then(|keypair| PKey::from_rsa(keypair))
+		.map_err(|_| "failed to generate rsa keypair");
+}
+fn privkey_to_pem(kp: &PKey<Private>, passphrase: Option<OsString>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, &'static str> {
+	return if let Some(passphrase) = passphrase {
+		kp.private_key_to_pem_pkcs8_passphrase(
+			Cipher::aes_256_cbc(),
+			passphrase.as_os_str().as_bytes()
+		)
+	} else {
+		kp.private_key_to_pem_pkcs8()
+	}.map_err(|_| "failed to encode private key as pem");
+}
+fn pem_to_keypair(pem: &[u8], passphrase: Option<OsString>) -> Result<PKey<Private>, &'static str> {
+	return if let Some(passphrase) = passphrase {
+	    PKey::private_key_from_pem_passphrase(pem, passphrase.as_os_str().as_bytes())
+	} else {
+	    PKey::private_key_from_pem(pem)
+	}.map_err(|_| "failed to decode account keypair pem");
+}
+
 fn b64ue<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(u8s: T) -> String {
 	return b64e(u8s.as_ref()).replace("+", "-").replace("/", "_").replace("=", "");
 }
 
-fn ektyn(kp: &PKey<pkey::Private>) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+fn ektyn(kp: &PKey<Private>) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
 	let rsa = kp
 		.rsa() // why does everything have to fucking copy
 		.map_err(|_| "kp.rsa() failed")?;
@@ -74,7 +99,7 @@ fn ektyn(kp: &PKey<pkey::Private>) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
 	return Ok(format!(r#"{{"e":{e},"kty":"RSA","n":{n}}}"#));
 }
 
-fn token_shit(kp: &PKey<pkey::Private>, token: String) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+fn token_shit(kp: &PKey<Private>, token: String) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
 	/*
 	 * aight, so, the rfcs (namely 8555 and 7638) say pretty much the following (paraphrased):
 	 * <shit>
@@ -112,10 +137,12 @@ fn token_shit(kp: &PKey<pkey::Private>, token: String) -> Result<String, &'stati
 }
 
 fn jws(context: &AcmecContext, nonce: HeaderValue, url: &str, payload: &str) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
+	let keypair = context.keypair();
+
 	let key = if let Some(url) = context.key_id() {
-		format!(r#""kid":{}"#, stringify(url)?)
+		format!(r#""kid":{}"#, stringify(url.deref())?)
 	} else {
-		format!(r#""jwk":{}"#, ektyn(context.keypair())?)
+		format!(r#""jwk":{}"#, ektyn(keypair)?)
 	};
 
 	let nonce = stringify(
@@ -136,7 +163,7 @@ fn jws(context: &AcmecContext, nonce: HeaderValue, url: &str, payload: &str) ->
 	let body = b64ue(payload.as_bytes());
 
 	let data_to_sign = format!("{}.{}", header, body);
-	let mut signer = Signer::new(MessageDigest::sha256(), context.keypair()).map_err(|_| "Signer::new(...) failed")?;
+	let mut signer = Signer::new(MessageDigest::sha256(), keypair).map_err(|_| "Signer::new(...) failed")?;
 	signer.update(data_to_sign.as_bytes()).map_err(|_| "signer.update(...) failed")?;
 	let signature = stringify(
 		b64ue(
@@ -156,7 +183,7 @@ fn jws(context: &AcmecContext, nonce: HeaderValue, url: &str, payload: &str) ->
 	));
 }
 
-fn get_nonce(cl: &RefMut<'_, HttpClient>) -> Result<HeaderValue, &'static str> {
+fn get_nonce(cl: &mut HttpClient) -> Result<HeaderValue, &'static str> {
 	let mut resp = cl
 		.head(relevant_directory::NEW_NONCE)
 		.send()
@@ -166,20 +193,20 @@ fn get_nonce(cl: &RefMut<'_, HttpClient>) -> Result<HeaderValue, &'static str> {
 	return Ok(replay_nonce);
 }
 
-fn acme_post<T: AsRef<str>, P: AsRef<str>>(
-	context: &AcmecContext,
-	
-	url: T,
+fn acme_post<U: AsRef<str>, P: AsRef<str>>(
+	context: &mut AcmecContext,
+
+	url: U,
 	payload: P
 ) -> Result<HttpResponse, &'static str> {
-	let cl = context.http_client();
+	let nonce = get_nonce(context.http_client())?;
 	let body = jws(
-		&(context),
-		get_nonce(&(cl))?,
+		context,
+		nonce,
 		url.as_ref(),
 		payload.as_ref()
 	)?;
-	let resp = cl
+	let resp = context.http_client()
 		.post(url.as_ref())	
 		.body(body)
 		.header("content-type", "application/jose+json")
@@ -197,15 +224,13 @@ const NO_PAYLOAD: &'static str = "";
 fn b64ue_csr(csr: X509Req) -> Result<String, &'static str> {
 	return Ok(b64ue(csr.to_der().map_err(|_| "failed to serialize X509Req")?));
 }
-fn gen_csr(kp: &PKey<pkey::Private>, dns_names: &Vec<String>) -> Result<X509Req, &'static str> {
+fn gen_csr(kp: &PKey<Private>, dns_names: &Vec<String>) -> Result<X509Req, &'static str> {
 	let mut builder = X509Req::builder().map_err(|_| "X509::builder() failed")?;
 	let mut alt_names = SubjectAlternativeName::new();
-	for dns_name in dns_names {
-		alt_names.dns(&(dns_name));
-	}
-	let built_alt_names = alt_names.build(&(builder.x509v3_context(None))).map_err(|_| "alt_names.build(...) failed")?;
+	dns_names.into_iter().for_each(|dns_name| { alt_names.dns(&(dns_name)); });
+	let alt_names = alt_names.build(&(builder.x509v3_context(None))).map_err(|_| "alt_names.build(...) failed")?;
 	let mut stack = Stack::new().map_err(|_| "Stack::new() failed")?;
-	stack.push(built_alt_names).map_err(|_| "stack.push(...) failed")?;
+	stack.push(alt_names).map_err(|_| "stack.push(...) failed")?;
 	builder.add_extensions(&(stack)).map_err(|_| "builder.add_extensions(...) failed")?;
 	builder.set_pubkey(&(kp)).map_err(|_| "builder.set_pubkey(...) failed")?; // yes, this really will set the public key
 	builder.sign(&(kp), MessageDigest::sha256()).map_err(|_| "builder.sign(...) failed")?;
@@ -214,7 +239,7 @@ fn gen_csr(kp: &PKey<pkey::Private>, dns_names: &Vec<String>) -> Result<X509Req,
 
 // account //
 
-fn create_account(context: &AcmecContext) -> Result<HeaderValue, &'static str> {
+fn create_account(context: &mut AcmecContext) -> Result<HeaderValue, &'static str> {
 	let mut resp = acme_post(
 		context,
 		relevant_directory::NEW_ACCOUNT,
@@ -230,228 +255,249 @@ fn create_account(context: &AcmecContext) -> Result<HeaderValue, &'static str> {
 	let location = headers.remove("location").ok_or("failed to get Location")?;
 	return Ok(location);
 }
-fn deactivate_account(context: &AcmecContext) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
+fn deactivate_account(context: &mut AcmecContext) -> Result<(), &'static str> {
 	return acme_post(
 		context,
-		context.key_id().unwrap(),
+		context.key_id().unwrap().deref(),
 		r#"{ "status": "deactivated" }"#
 	).map(|_| ());
 }
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
 	let pem_passphrase = env::var_os("ACMEC_PASSPHRASE");
+	let pkey_passphrase = env::var_os("ACMEC_PKEY_PASSPHRASE");
 	
 	let mut args_iter = env::args();
 	args_iter.next().ok_or("expected program path")?;
 	
-	let path_to_config = args_iter.next().ok_or("expected a config path")?;
+	let config_path = args_iter.next().ok_or("expected a config path")?;
 	let action = args_iter.next().ok_or("expected an action")?;
 
-	let mut config_file = ConfigFile::open(path_to_config, action == "create")?;
-
-	if action == "create" {
-		if args_iter.next().as_deref() != Some("accept") {
-			eprintln!("use `create accept` to accept the terms of service at {}", relevant_directory::TOS);
-			return Err("terms of service not agreed to");
-		}
-
-		let kp = Rsa::generate(2048).and_then(|keypair| PKey::from_rsa(keypair)).map_err(|_| "failed to generate rsa keypair")?;
-		let context = AcmecContext::new(&(kp));
-
-		let header = create_account(&(context))?;
-		let kid = header.to_str().map_err(|_| "invalid key id")?.to_owned();
-
-		let pem_kp = if let Some(passphrase) = pem_passphrase {
-			kp.private_key_to_pem_pkcs8_passphrase(
-				Cipher::aes_256_cbc(),
-				passphrase.as_os_str().as_bytes()
-			)
-		} else {
-			kp.private_key_to_pem_pkcs8()
-		}.map_err(|_| "failed to encode keypair as pem")?;
-
-		config_file.set_account_details(AccountDetails {
-			pem_kp, kid,
-		})?;
-
-		return Ok(());
-	}
-
-	let borrow = config_file.account_details();
-	let account_details = borrow.as_ref().ok_or("invalid config file")?;
-	let kp = if let Some(passphrase) = pem_passphrase {
-		PKey::private_key_from_pem_passphrase(&(account_details.pem_kp), passphrase.as_os_str().as_bytes())
-	} else {
-		PKey::private_key_from_pem(&(account_details.pem_kp))
-	}.map_err(|_| "failed to decode account keypair pem")?;
-	let mut context = AcmecContext::new(&(kp));
-	context.set_key_id(account_details.kid.clone());
-	drop(borrow);
-
 	match action.as_str() {
+		"create" => {
+			if let None = pem_passphrase {
+				eprintln!("using the ACMEC_PASSPHRASE environment variable is highly recommended.");
+			}
+
+			if args_iter.next().as_deref() != Some("accept") {
+				eprintln!("use `create accept` to accept the terms of service at {}", relevant_directory::TOS);
+				return Err("terms of service not agreed to");
+			}
+
+			let config_file = ConfigFile::open(config_path, true)?;
+
+			let kp = gen_keypair()?;
+			let pem_kp = privkey_to_pem(&(kp), pem_passphrase)?;
+
+			let mut context = AcmecContext::new(kp);
+			let header = create_account(&mut(context))?;
+			let kid = header.to_str().map_err(|_| "invalid key id")?.to_owned();
+
+			config_file.set_account_details(AccountDetails {
+				pem_kp, kid,
+			});
+
+			return Ok(());
+		},
 		"delete" => {
-			deactivate_account(&(context))?;
+			let config_file = ConfigFile::open(config_path, false)?;
+			let mut context = AcmecContext::with_config_file(&(config_file), pem_passphrase)?;
+
+			println!("REALLY delete \"{}\"? this cannot be undone! [yes / any other line]", config_file.path());
+			let mut buf = String::new();
+			std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut(buf)).map_err(|_| "failed to read line from stdin")?;
+			if buf != "yes\n" {
+				return Err("aborted; did not delete account");
+			}
+
+			deactivate_account(&mut(context))?;
 			config_file.delete()?;
 		}
-		"order" => match args_iter.next().as_deref() {
-			Some("place") => {
-				config_file.order_details().as_ref().map_or(Ok(()), |_| Err("there is already an order pending"))?;
+		"order" => {
+			let mut config_file = ConfigFile::open(config_path, false)?;
+			let mut context = AcmecContext::with_config_file(&(config_file), pem_passphrase)?;
+			match args_iter.next().as_deref() {
+				Some("place") => {
+					config_file.order_details().as_ref().map_or(Ok(()), |_| Err("there is already an order pending"))?;
 
-				let mut payload = String::from(r#"{"identifiers":["#);
-				let dns_names: Vec<String> = args_iter.collect();
-				let mut iter = dns_names.iter();
-				let mut dns_name = iter.next().ok_or("no dns names were passed")?;
-				loop {
-					payload += &(format!(r#"{{"type":"dns","value":{}}}"#, stringify(dns_name)?));
-					if let Some(next) = iter.next() {
-						dns_name = &(next);
-						payload.push(',');
-					} else {
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				payload.push_str("]}");
-				let mut resp = acme_post(
-					&(&context),
-					relevant_directory::NEW_ORDER,
-					payload
-				)?;
-				if !resp.status().is_success() {
-					if let Ok(err) = resp.text() {
-						eprintln!("error: {err}");
-					}
-					return Err("request failed");
-				}
-				let headers = resp.headers_mut();
-				let location = headers.remove("location").ok_or("failed to get Location")?;
-				let url = location.to_str().map_err(|_| "invalid header")?.to_string();
-				let order: AcmeOrder = decode_response(resp)?;
-				
-				let mut challenge_urls = Vec::new();
-				let mut output_string = String::new();
-				for auth_url in &(order.authorizations) {
-					let resp = acme_post(&(context), auth_url, NO_PAYLOAD)?;
-					let auth: AcmeAuthorization = decode_response(resp)?;
-					let challenge: AcmeChallenge = auth.challenges.into_iter().find(|challenge| &(challenge.r#type) == "dns-01").ok_or("no dns-01 challenge")?;
-					challenge_urls.push(challenge.url);
-					output_string += &(format!("_acme-challenge.{} {}", auth.identifier.value, token_shit(&(kp), challenge.token)?));
-				}
-				config_file.set_order_details(OrderDetails {
-					url,
-        			challenges: challenge_urls,
-        			finalize: order.finalize.to_string(),
-        			dns_names,
-    			})?;
-				println!("{}", output_string);
-				return Ok(());
-			},
-			Some("finalize") => {
-				let borrow = config_file.order_details();
-				let Some(order) = borrow.as_ref() else {
-					return Err("no order pending");
-				};
-
-				let cert_path = args_iter.next().ok_or("expected path to cert file")?;
-				let pkey_path = args_iter.next().ok_or("expected path to pkey file")?;
-
-				let mut cert_file = CleanFile::open(cert_path, true)?;
-				let mut pkey_file = CleanFile::open(pkey_path, true)?;
-
-				let pkey_passphrase = env::var_os("ACMEC_PKEY_PASSPHRASE");
-				for url in &(order.challenges) {
-					acme_post(&(context), &(url), r#"{}"#)?;
-				}
-				loop {
-					let resp = acme_post(&(context), &(order.url), NO_PAYLOAD)?;
-					let acme_order: AcmeOrder = decode_response(resp)?;
-					match acme_order.status.as_str() {
-						"ready" => break,
-						"pending" => (),
-						status => {
-							eprintln!("order status: {status}");
-							drop(borrow);
-							config_file.discard_order()?;
-							return Err("bad order status");
+					let mut payload = String::from(r#"{"identifiers":["#);
+					let dns_names: Vec<String> = args_iter.collect();
+					let mut iter = dns_names.iter();
+					let mut dns_name = iter.next().ok_or("no dns names were passed")?;
+					loop {
+						payload += &(format!(r#"{{"type":"dns","value":{}}}"#, stringify(dns_name)?));
+						if let Some(next) = iter.next() {
+							dns_name = &(next);
+							payload.push(',');
+						} else {
+							break;
 						}
 					}
-					std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3));
-				}
+					payload.push_str("]}");
+					let mut resp = acme_post(
+						&mut(context),
+						relevant_directory::NEW_ORDER,
+						payload
+					)?;
+					if !resp.status().is_success() {
+						if let Ok(err) = resp.text() {
+							eprintln!("error: {err}");
+						}
+						return Err("request failed");
+					}
+					let headers = resp.headers_mut();
+					let location = headers.remove("location").ok_or("failed to get Location")?;
+					let url = location.to_str().map_err(|_| "invalid header")?.to_string();
+					let order: AcmeOrder = decode_response(resp)?;
+					
+					let mut challenge_urls = Vec::new();
+					let mut output_string = String::new();
+					for auth_url in &(order.authorizations) {
+						let resp = acme_post(&mut(context), auth_url, NO_PAYLOAD)?;
+						let auth: AcmeAuthorization = decode_response(resp)?;
+						let challenge: AcmeChallenge = auth.challenges.into_iter().find(|challenge| &(challenge.r#type) == "dns-01").ok_or("no dns-01 challenge")?;
+						challenge_urls.push(challenge.url);
+						output_string += &(format!("_acme-challenge.{} {}", auth.identifier.value, token_shit(context.keypair(), challenge.token)?));
+					}
+					config_file.set_order_details(OrderDetails {
+						url,
+	        			challenges: challenge_urls,
+	        			finalize: order.finalize.to_string(),
+	        			dns_names,
+	    			});
+					println!("{}", output_string);
+					return Ok(());
+				},
+				Some("finalize") => {
+					let borrow = config_file.order_details();
+					let Some(order) = borrow.as_ref() else {
+						return Err("no order pending");
+					};
 
-				let mut pem_borrow = config_file.pkey_pem();
-				let (cert_kp, pkey_pem) = if let Some(pkey_pem) = pem_borrow.as_ref() {
-					let cert_kp = if let Some(passphrase) = &(pkey_passphrase) {
-						PKey::private_key_from_pem_passphrase(&(pkey_pem), passphrase.as_os_str().as_bytes())
+					let cert_path = args_iter.next().ok_or("expected path to cert file")?;
+					let pkey_path = args_iter.next().ok_or("expected path to pkey file")?;
+
+					let mut cert_file = CleanFile::open(cert_path, true)?;
+					let mut pkey_file = CleanFile::open(pkey_path, true)?;
+
+					for url in &(order.challenges) {
+						acme_post(&mut(context), &(url), r#"{}"#)?;
+					}
+					loop {
+						let resp = acme_post(&mut(context), &(order.url), NO_PAYLOAD)?;
+						let acme_order: AcmeOrder = decode_response(resp)?;
+						match acme_order.status.as_str() {
+							"ready" => break,
+							"pending" => (),
+							status => {
+								eprintln!("order status: {status}");
+								drop(borrow);
+								config_file.discard_order();
+								return Err("bad order status");
+							}
+						}
+						sleep(Duration::from_secs(3));
+					}
+
+					let mut pem_borrow = config_file.pkey_pem();
+					let (cert_kp, pkey_pem) = if let Some(pkey_pem) = pem_borrow.as_ref() {
+						(pem_to_keypair(&(pkey_pem), pkey_passphrase)?, pkey_pem)
 					} else {
-						PKey::private_key_from_pem(&(pkey_pem))
-					}.map_err(|_| "failed to decode certificate keypair pem")?;
+						let cert_kp = gen_keypair()?;
 
-					(cert_kp, pkey_pem)
-				} else {
-					let cert_kp = Rsa::generate(2048).and_then(|keypair| PKey::from_rsa(keypair)).map_err(|_| "failed to generate rsa keypair")?;
+						drop(pem_borrow);
+						config_file.set_pkey_pem(privkey_to_pem(&(cert_kp), pkey_passphrase)?);
 
-					drop(pem_borrow);
-					config_file.set_pkey_pem(
-						if let Some(passphrase) = &(pkey_passphrase) {
-							cert_kp.private_key_to_pem_pkcs8_passphrase(Cipher::aes_256_cbc(), passphrase.as_os_str().as_bytes())
-						} else {
-							cert_kp.private_key_to_pem_pkcs8()
-						}.map_err(|_| "failed to serialize private key")?
+						pem_borrow = config_file.pkey_pem();
+						(cert_kp, pem_borrow.as_ref().unwrap())
+					};
+
+					let pkey_pem_view = from_utf8(&(pkey_pem)).map_err(|_| "invalid utf-8 bytes in pem-encoded private key")?;
+
+					acme_post(
+						&mut(context), &(order.finalize),
+
+						format!(
+							r#"{{ "csr": {} }}"#,
+							stringify(b64ue_csr(gen_csr(&(cert_kp), &(order.dns_names))?)?)?
+						)
 					)?;
 
-					pem_borrow = config_file.pkey_pem();
-					(cert_kp, pem_borrow.as_ref().unwrap())
-				};
+					let acme_order = loop {
+						let resp = acme_post(&mut(context), &(order.url), NO_PAYLOAD)?;
+						let order: AcmeOrder = decode_response(resp)?;
+						match order.status.as_str() {
+							"valid" => break order,
+							"processing" => (),
+							status => {
+								eprintln!("order status: {status}");
+								// safe to discard order i think
+								drop(borrow);
+								drop(pem_borrow);
+								config_file.discard_order();
+								return Err("bad order status");
+							} 
+						}
+						sleep(Duration::from_secs(3));
+					};
 
-				let pkey_pem_view = from_utf8(&(pkey_pem)).map_err(|_| "invalid utf-8 bytes in pem-encoded private key")?;
+					let cert = acme_post(&mut(context), &(acme_order.certificate.ok_or("expected acme certificate")?), NO_PAYLOAD)?
+						.text()
+						.map_err(|_| "failed to read response")?;
 
-				acme_post(
-					&(context), &(order.finalize),
-
-					format!(
-						r#"{{ "csr": {} }}"#,
-						stringify(b64ue_csr(gen_csr(&(cert_kp), &(order.dns_names))?)?)?
-					)
-				)?;
-
-				let acme_order = loop {
-					let resp = acme_post(&(context), &(order.url), NO_PAYLOAD)?;
-					let order: AcmeOrder = decode_response(resp)?;
-					match order.status.as_str() {
-						"valid" => break order,
-						"processing" => (),
-						status => {
-							eprintln!("order status: {status}");
-							// safe to discard order i think
-							drop(borrow);
-							drop(pem_borrow);
-							config_file.discard_order()?;
-							return Err("bad order status");
-						} 
+					if let Err(_) = cert_file.write(&(cert)) {
+						eprintln!("failed to write certificate to file, printing to stdout instead");
+						println!("{}", cert);
+					}
+					if let Err(_) = pkey_file.write(&*(pkey_pem)) {
+						eprintln!("failed to write private key to file, printing to stdout instead");
+						println!("{}", pkey_pem_view);
 					}
-					std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3));
-				};
 
-				let cert = acme_post(&(context), &(acme_order.certificate.ok_or("expected acme certificate")?), NO_PAYLOAD)?
-					.text()
-					.map_err(|_| "failed to read response")?;
-
-				if let Err(_) = cert_file.write(&(cert)) {
-					eprintln!("failed to write certificate to file, printing to stdout instead");
-					println!("{}", cert);
-				}
-				if let Err(_) = pkey_file.write(&*(pkey_pem)) {
-					eprintln!("failed to write private key to file, printing to stdout instead");
-					println!("{}", pkey_pem_view);
-				}
-
-				drop(borrow);
-				drop(pem_borrow);
-				config_file.discard_order()?;
-				return Ok(());
-			},
-			_ => return Err("valid subactions for order: place, finalize"),
+					drop(borrow);
+					drop(pem_borrow);
+					config_file.discard_order();
+					return Ok(());
+				},
+				_ => return Err("valid subactions for order: place, finalize"),
+			}
+		}
+		other => match args_iter.next().as_deref() {
+			Some("test") => {
+				let (cert_path, key_path) = (config_path, other.to_owned());
+
+				let kp = gen_keypair()?;
+				let priv_pem = privkey_to_pem(&(kp), pkey_passphrase)?;
+
+				let mut builder = X509Builder::new().map_err(|_| "X509Builder::new() failed")?;
+				builder.set_pubkey(&(kp)).map_err(|_| "builder.set_pubkey(...) failed")?;
+
+				let year_from_now = Asn1Time::days_from_now(365).map_err(|_| "Asn1Time::days_from_now(365) failed")?;
+				builder.set_not_before(&(Asn1Time::from_unix(0).unwrap())).unwrap();
+				builder.set_not_after(&(year_from_now)).unwrap();
+
+				let mut alt_names = SubjectAlternativeName::new();
+				args_iter.for_each(|dns_name| { alt_names.dns(&(dns_name)); });
+				let alt_names = alt_names.build(&(builder.x509v3_context(None, None))).map_err(|_| "alt_names.build(...) failed")?;
+				builder.append_extension(alt_names).map_err(|_| "builder.append_extension(...) failed")?;
+
+				builder.sign(&(kp), MessageDigest::sha256()).unwrap();
+				let cert_pem = builder.build().to_pem().map_err(|_| "failed to encode certificate as pem")?;
+
+				let mut cert_file = CleanFile::open(cert_path, true)?;
+				let mut priv_file = CleanFile::open(key_path, true)?;
+
+				if let Err(_) = cert_file.write(&(cert_pem)) {
+					eprintln!("failed to write certificate! printing to stdout instead...");
+					println!("{}", from_utf8(&(cert_pem)).unwrap());
+				}
+				if let Err(_) = priv_file.write(&(priv_pem)) {
+					eprintln!("failed to write private key! printing to stdout instead...");
+					println!("{}", from_utf8(&(priv_pem)).unwrap());
+				}
+			}
+			_ => return Err("valid actions: create, delete, order")
 		}
-		_ => return Err("valid actions: create, delete, order"),
 	}
 
 	return Ok(());