cyber_threat_intelligence/actors/APT28

APT28 - Cyber Threat Intelligence

These indicators were reported, collected, and generated during the VulDB CTI analysis of the actor known as APT28. The activity monitoring correlates data from social media, forums, chat rooms, and darknet markets. It helps to determine associated actors, specific activities, expected intentions, emerging research, and ongoing attacks. Our unique predictive model uses big data to forecast activities and their characteristics.

Live data and more analysis capabilities are available at https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28

Campaigns

The following campaigns are known and can be associated with APT28:

• Carberp
• CVE-2022-30190
• CVE-2023-38831
• ...

There are 5 more campaign items available. Please use our online service to access the data.

Countries

These countries are directly (e.g. origin of attacks) or indirectly (e.g. access by proxy) associated with APT28:

• NL
• RO
• US
• ...

There are 14 more country items available. Please use our online service to access the data.

IOC - Indicator of Compromise

These indicators of compromise (IOC) indicate associated network resources which are known to be part of research and attack activities of APT28.

ID	IP address	Hostname	Campaign	Confidence
1	5.63.153.177	5-63-153-177.ovz.vps.regruhosting.ru	-	High
2	5.100.155.82	5.100.155-82.publicdomainregistry.com	-	High
3	5.100.155.91	5.100.155-91.publicdomainregistry.com	-	High
4	5.135.183.154	ns3290077.ip-5-135-183.eu	Sednit	High
5	5.199.171.58	-	-	High
6	18.130.154.13	ec2-18-130-154-13.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com	-	Medium
7	18.133.205.135	ec2-18-133-205-135.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com	-	Medium
8	18.133.249.238	ec2-18-133-249-238.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com	-	Medium
9	23.88.228.248	-	-	High
10	23.163.0.59	naomi.rem2d.com	-	High
11	23.227.196.21	23-227-196-21.static.hvvc.us	-	High
12	23.227.196.215	23-227-196-215.static.hvvc.us	-	High
13	23.227.196.217	23-227-196-217.static.hvvc.us	-	High
14	24.11.70.85	c-24-11-70-85.hsd1.ut.comcast.net	-	High
15	31.184.198.23	-	-	High
16	31.184.198.38	-	-	High
17	31.220.43.99	-	Sednit	High
18	31.220.61.251	-	-	High
19	37.235.52.18	18.52.235.37.in-addr.arpa	-	High
20	45.32.129.185	45.32.129.185.vultr.com	-	Medium
21	45.32.227.21	45.32.227.21.mobiltel.mx	-	High
22	45.64.105.23	-	-	High
23	45.124.132.127	-	-	High
24	46.19.138.66	ab2.alchibasystems.in.net	-	High
25	46.21.147.55	46-21-147-55.static.hvvc.us	-	High
26	46.21.147.71	46-21-147-71.static.hvvc.us	-	High
27	46.21.147.76	46-21-147-76.static.hvvc.us	-	High
28	46.148.17.227	-	-	High
29	46.166.162.90	-	Pawn Storm	High
30	46.183.217.74	ip-217-74.dataclub.info	Pawn Storm	High
31	51.38.128.110	vps-0a3489af.vps.ovh.net	-	High
32	51.254.76.54	-	-	High
33	51.254.158.57	-	-	High
34	54.37.104.106	piber.connectedlists.com	-	High
35	58.49.58.58	-	-	High
36	62.113.232.197	-	-	High
37	66.172.11.207	ip-66-172-11-207.chunkhost.com	Carberp	High
38	66.172.12.133	-	-	High
39	68.76.150.97	68-76-150-97.lightspeed.hstntx.sbcglobal.net	-	High
40	69.12.73.174	69.12.73.174.static.quadranet.com	Sednit	High
41	69.16.243.33	host.tecnode.com	-	High
42	69.28.64.137	-	-	High
43	70.85.221.10	server002.nilsson-it.dk	-	High
44	70.85.221.20	14.dd.5546.static.theplanet.com	Pawn Storm	High
45	76.74.177.251	ip-76-74-177-251.chunkhost.com	-	High
46	77.81.98.122	no-rdns.clues.ro	-	High
47	77.83.247.81	-	Global Brute Force	High
48	78.153.151.222	smtp33.pristavka-fr.ru	-	High
49	80.83.115.187	host3.smtpnoida.biz	-	High
50	80.255.3.93	-	-	High
51	...	...	...	...

There are 201 more IOC items available. Please use our online service to access the data.

TTP - Tactics, Techniques, Procedures

Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) summarize the suspected MITRE ATT&CK techniques used by APT28. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.

ID	Technique	Weakness	Description	Confidence
1	T1006	CWE-21, CWE-22, CWE-23, CWE-24	Pathname Traversal	High
2	T1040	CWE-294	Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay	High
3	T1055	CWE-74	Injection	High
4	T1059	CWE-88, CWE-94	Cross Site Scripting	High
5	T1059.007	CWE-79, CWE-80	Cross Site Scripting	High
6	...	...	...	...

There are 18 more TTP items available. Please use our online service to access the data.

IOA - Indicator of Attack

These indicators of attack (IOA) list the potential fragments used for technical activities like reconnaissance, exploitation, privilege escalation, and exfiltration by APT28. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.

ID	Type	Indicator	Confidence
1	File	/Admin/add-student.php	High
2	File	/admin/maintenance/view_designation.php	High
3	File	/admin/subnets/ripe-query.php	High
4	File	/api/v1/attack	High
5	File	/apply.cgi	Medium
6	File	/carbon/mediation_secure_vault/properties/ajaxprocessor.jsp	High
7	File	/cgi-bin/touchlist_sync.cgi	High
8	File	/classes/Master.php	High
9	File	/core/conditions/AbstractWrapper.java	High
10	File	/ctpms/admin/applications/update_status.php	High
11	File	/ctpms/classes/Master.php?f=delete_img	High
12	File	/dashboard/updatelogo.php	High
13	File	/debug/pprof	Medium
14	File	/etc/openshift/server_priv.pem	High
15	File	/export	Low
16	File	/forum/away.php	High
17	File	/goform/P2pListFilter	High
18	File	/goform/setSysAdm	High
19	File	/hardware	Medium
20	File	/hrm/controller/employee.php	High
21	File	/index.php	Medium
22	File	/kelas/data	Medium
23	File	/librarian/bookdetails.php	High
24	File	/login.php	Medium
25	File	/login/index.php	High
26	File	/messageboard/view.php	High
27	File	/mgmt/tm/util/bash	High
28	File	/mkshop/Men/profile.php	High
29	File	/modules/projects/vw_files.php	High
30	File	/MTFWU	Low
31	File	/mygym/admin/login.php	High
32	File	/Noxen-master/users.php	High
33	File	/opt/zimbra/jetty/webapps/zimbra/public	High
34	File	/plugin/LiveChat/getChat.json.php	High
35	File	/product/savenewproduct.php?flag=1	High
36	File	/release-x64/otfccdump	High
37	File	/servlet/webacc	High
38	File	/setNTP.cgi	Medium
39	File	/setting/setDeviceName	High
40	File	/SysManage/AddUpdateRole.aspx	High
41	File	/textpattern/index.php	High
42	File	/tmp/zarafa-vacation-*	High
43	File	/uncpath/	Medium
44	File	/upload	Low
45	File	/user/loader.php?api=1	High
46	File	/usr/bin/at	Medium
47	File	/var/log/nginx	High
48	File	/var/run/chrony	High
49	File	/var/run/watchman.pid	High
50	File	/view-property.php	High
51	File	/viewer/krpano.html	High
52	File	/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url	High
53	File	/xpdf/GfxState.cc	High
54	File	20review.asp	Medium
55	...	...	...

There are 479 more IOA items available (file, library, argument, input value, pattern, network port). Please use our online service to access the data.

References

The following list contains external sources which discuss the actor and the associated activities:

• https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/government-backed-actors-exploiting-winrar-vulnerability/
• https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/ukraine-remains-russias-biggest-cyber-focus-in-2023/
• https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/06/russias-apt28-uses-fear-of-nuclear-war-to-spread-follina-docs-in-ukraine/
• https://blog.sekoia.io/apt28-leverages-multiple-phishing-techniques-to-target-ukrainian-civil-society/
• https://cert.gov.ua/article/40102
• https://cert.gov.ua/article/5702579
• https://community.blueliv.com/#!/s/5f6b482482df413eb5350d3b
• https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-two-years-of-pawn-storm.pdf
• https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-05-ioc-mark.txt
• https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-09-ioc-mark.txt
• https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/CyberMerceNary/wp-void-balaur-tracking-a-cybermercenarys-activities.pdf
• https://github.com/fireeye/iocs/blob/master/APT28/e1cbf7ca-4938-4d3c-a7e6-3ff966516191.ioc
• https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF
• https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF
• https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/
• https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/
• https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2015/2015.11.04_Evolving_Threats/cct-w08_evolving-threats-dissection-of-a-cyber-espionage-attack.pdf
• https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390942510927873
• https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390947665616897
• https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390955882319876
• https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/a-look-into-fysbis-sofacys-linux-backdoor/
• https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/
• https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-new-sofacy-attacks-against-us-government-agency/
• https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/
• https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/
• https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/
• https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/
• https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50
• https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/
• https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/NCSC_APT28.pdf
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ASongofIntelandFancy_ExploitingFancyBear%E2%80%99suseofSSLcertificate.pdf&y=2018
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part-2-ESET.pdf&y=2016
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part1-ESET.pdf&y=2016
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=FancyBearcontinuetooperatethroughphishingemailsandmuchmore_ESET.pdf&y=2017
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=OperationRussianDoll.pdf&y=2015
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=TheDeceptionProjectANewJapanese-CentricThreat-Cylance.pdf&y=2017
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectandFidelisTeamUptoExploretheDCCCBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf&y=2016
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectIdentifiesFANCYBEARWorldAnti-DopingAgencyBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf&y=2016
• https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=wp-operation-pawn-storm.pdf&y=2014
• https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/
• https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf
• https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf
• https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf

Literature

The following articles explain our unique predictive cyber threat intelligence:

• VulDB Cyber Threat Intelligence Documentation
• Cyber Threat Intelligence - Early Anticipation of Attacks

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