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# APT28 - Cyber Threat Intelligence
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These _indicators_ were reported, collected, and generated during the [VulDB CTI analysis ](https://vuldb.com/?kb.cti ) of the actor known as [APT28 ](https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28 ). The _activity monitoring_ correlates data from social media, forums, chat rooms, and darknet markets. It helps to determine associated actors, specific activities, expected intentions, emerging research, and ongoing attacks. Our unique _predictive model_ uses _big data_ to forecast activities and their characteristics.
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_Live data_ and more _analysis capabilities_ are available at [https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28 ](https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28 )
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## Campaigns
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The following _campaigns_ are known and can be associated with APT28:
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* Carberp
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* CVE-2022-30190
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* CVE-2023-38831
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* ...
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There are 5 more campaign items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## Countries
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These _countries_ are directly (e.g. origin of attacks) or indirectly (e.g. access by proxy) associated with APT28:
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* [NL ](https://vuldb.com/?country.nl )
* [RO ](https://vuldb.com/?country.ro )
* [US ](https://vuldb.com/?country.us )
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* ...
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There are 14 more country items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## IOC - Indicator of Compromise
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These _indicators of compromise_ (IOC) indicate associated network resources which are known to be part of research and attack activities of APT28.
ID | IP address | Hostname | Campaign | Confidence
-- | ---------- | -------- | -------- | ----------
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1 | [5.63.153.177 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.63.153.177 ) | 5-63-153-177.ovz.vps.regruhosting.ru | - | High
2 | [5.100.155.82 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.100.155.82 ) | 5.100.155-82.publicdomainregistry.com | - | High
3 | [5.100.155.91 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.100.155.91 ) | 5.100.155-91.publicdomainregistry.com | - | High
4 | [5.135.183.154 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.135.183.154 ) | ns3290077.ip-5-135-183.eu | Sednit | High
5 | [5.199.171.58 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.199.171.58 ) | - | - | High
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6 | [18.130.154.13 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.18.130.154.13 ) | ec2-18-130-154-13.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium
7 | [18.133.205.135 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.18.133.205.135 ) | ec2-18-133-205-135.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium
8 | [18.133.249.238 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.18.133.249.238 ) | ec2-18-133-249-238.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium
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9 | [23.88.228.248 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.88.228.248 ) | - | - | High
10 | [23.163.0.59 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.163.0.59 ) | naomi.rem2d.com | - | High
11 | [23.227.196.21 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.227.196.21 ) | 23-227-196-21.static.hvvc.us | - | High
12 | [23.227.196.215 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.227.196.215 ) | 23-227-196-215.static.hvvc.us | - | High
13 | [23.227.196.217 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.227.196.217 ) | 23-227-196-217.static.hvvc.us | - | High
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14 | [24.11.70.85 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.24.11.70.85 ) | c-24-11-70-85.hsd1.ut.comcast.net | - | High
15 | [31.184.198.23 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.184.198.23 ) | - | - | High
16 | [31.184.198.38 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.184.198.38 ) | - | - | High
17 | [31.220.43.99 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.220.43.99 ) | - | Sednit | High
18 | [31.220.61.251 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.220.61.251 ) | - | - | High
19 | [37.235.52.18 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.37.235.52.18 ) | 18.52.235.37.in-addr.arpa | - | High
20 | [45.32.129.185 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.32.129.185 ) | 45.32.129.185.vultr.com | - | Medium
21 | [45.32.227.21 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.32.227.21 ) | 45.32.227.21.mobiltel.mx | - | High
22 | [45.64.105.23 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.64.105.23 ) | - | - | High
23 | [45.124.132.127 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.124.132.127 ) | - | - | High
24 | [46.19.138.66 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.19.138.66 ) | ab2.alchibasystems.in.net | - | High
25 | [46.21.147.55 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.21.147.55 ) | 46-21-147-55.static.hvvc.us | - | High
26 | [46.21.147.71 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.21.147.71 ) | 46-21-147-71.static.hvvc.us | - | High
27 | [46.21.147.76 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.21.147.76 ) | 46-21-147-76.static.hvvc.us | - | High
28 | [46.148.17.227 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.148.17.227 ) | - | - | High
29 | [46.166.162.90 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.166.162.90 ) | - | Pawn Storm | High
30 | [46.183.217.74 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.183.217.74 ) | ip-217-74.dataclub.info | Pawn Storm | High
31 | [51.38.128.110 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.51.38.128.110 ) | vps-0a3489af.vps.ovh.net | - | High
32 | [51.254.76.54 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.51.254.76.54 ) | - | - | High
33 | [51.254.158.57 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.51.254.158.57 ) | - | - | High
34 | [54.37.104.106 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.54.37.104.106 ) | piber.connectedlists.com | - | High
35 | [58.49.58.58 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.58.49.58.58 ) | - | - | High
36 | [62.113.232.197 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.62.113.232.197 ) | - | - | High
37 | [66.172.11.207 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.66.172.11.207 ) | ip-66-172-11-207.chunkhost.com | Carberp | High
38 | [66.172.12.133 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.66.172.12.133 ) | - | - | High
39 | [68.76.150.97 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.68.76.150.97 ) | 68-76-150-97.lightspeed.hstntx.sbcglobal.net | - | High
40 | [69.12.73.174 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.12.73.174 ) | 69.12.73.174.static.quadranet.com | Sednit | High
41 | [69.16.243.33 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.16.243.33 ) | host.tecnode.com | - | High
42 | [69.28.64.137 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.28.64.137 ) | - | - | High
43 | [70.85.221.10 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.70.85.221.10 ) | server002.nilsson-it.dk | - | High
44 | [70.85.221.20 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.70.85.221.20 ) | 14.dd.5546.static.theplanet.com | Pawn Storm | High
45 | [76.74.177.251 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.76.74.177.251 ) | ip-76-74-177-251.chunkhost.com | - | High
46 | [77.81.98.122 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.77.81.98.122 ) | no-rdns.clues.ro | - | High
47 | [77.83.247.81 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.77.83.247.81 ) | - | Global Brute Force | High
48 | [78.153.151.222 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.78.153.151.222 ) | smtp33.pristavka-fr.ru | - | High
49 | [80.83.115.187 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.80.83.115.187 ) | host3.smtpnoida.biz | - | High
50 | [80.255.3.93 ](https://vuldb.com/?ip.80.255.3.93 ) | - | - | High
51 | ... | ... | ... | ...
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There are 201 more IOC items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## TTP - Tactics, Techniques, Procedures
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_Tactics, techniques, and procedures_ (TTP) summarize the suspected MITRE ATT& CK techniques used by _APT28_ . This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
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ID | Technique | Weakness | Description | Confidence
-- | --------- | -------- | ----------- | ----------
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1 | T1006 | CWE-21, CWE-22, CWE-23, CWE-24 | Pathname Traversal | High
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2 | T1040 | CWE-294 | Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay | High
3 | T1055 | CWE-74 | Injection | High
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4 | T1059 | CWE-88, CWE-94 | Cross Site Scripting | High
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5 | T1059.007 | CWE-79, CWE-80 | Cross Site Scripting | High
6 | ... | ... | ... | ...
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There are 18 more TTP items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## IOA - Indicator of Attack
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These _indicators of attack_ (IOA) list the potential fragments used for technical activities like reconnaissance, exploitation, privilege escalation, and exfiltration by APT28. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
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ID | Type | Indicator | Confidence
-- | ---- | --------- | ----------
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1 | File | `/Admin/add-student.php` | High
2 | File | `/admin/maintenance/view_designation.php` | High
3 | File | `/admin/subnets/ripe-query.php` | High
4 | File | `/api/v1/attack` | High
5 | File | `/apply.cgi` | Medium
6 | File | `/carbon/mediation_secure_vault/properties/ajaxprocessor.jsp` | High
7 | File | `/cgi-bin/touchlist_sync.cgi` | High
8 | File | `/classes/Master.php` | High
9 | File | `/core/conditions/AbstractWrapper.java` | High
10 | File | `/ctpms/admin/applications/update_status.php` | High
11 | File | `/ctpms/classes/Master.php?f=delete_img` | High
12 | File | `/dashboard/updatelogo.php` | High
13 | File | `/debug/pprof` | Medium
14 | File | `/etc/openshift/server_priv.pem` | High
15 | File | `/export` | Low
16 | File | `/forum/away.php` | High
17 | File | `/goform/P2pListFilter` | High
18 | File | `/goform/setSysAdm` | High
19 | File | `/hardware` | Medium
20 | File | `/hrm/controller/employee.php` | High
21 | File | `/index.php` | Medium
22 | File | `/kelas/data` | Medium
23 | File | `/librarian/bookdetails.php` | High
24 | File | `/login.php` | Medium
25 | File | `/login/index.php` | High
26 | File | `/messageboard/view.php` | High
27 | File | `/mgmt/tm/util/bash` | High
28 | File | `/mkshop/Men/profile.php` | High
29 | File | `/modules/projects/vw_files.php` | High
30 | File | `/MTFWU` | Low
31 | File | `/mygym/admin/login.php` | High
32 | File | `/Noxen-master/users.php` | High
33 | File | `/opt/zimbra/jetty/webapps/zimbra/public` | High
34 | File | `/plugin/LiveChat/getChat.json.php` | High
35 | File | `/product/savenewproduct.php?flag=1` | High
36 | File | `/release-x64/otfccdump` | High
37 | File | `/servlet/webacc` | High
38 | File | `/setNTP.cgi` | Medium
39 | File | `/setting/setDeviceName` | High
40 | File | `/SysManage/AddUpdateRole.aspx` | High
41 | File | `/textpattern/index.php` | High
42 | File | `/tmp/zarafa-vacation-*` | High
43 | File | `/uncpath/` | Medium
44 | File | `/upload` | Low
45 | File | `/user/loader.php?api=1` | High
46 | File | `/usr/bin/at` | Medium
47 | File | `/var/log/nginx` | High
48 | File | `/var/run/chrony` | High
49 | File | `/var/run/watchman.pid` | High
50 | File | `/view-property.php` | High
51 | File | `/viewer/krpano.html` | High
52 | File | `/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url` | High
53 | File | `/xpdf/GfxState.cc` | High
54 | File | `20review.asp` | Medium
55 | ... | ... | ...
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There are 480 more IOA items available (file, library, argument, input value, pattern, network port). Please use our online service to access the data.
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## References
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The following list contains _external sources_ which discuss the actor and the associated activities:
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* https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/government-backed-actors-exploiting-winrar-vulnerability/
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* https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/ukraine-remains-russias-biggest-cyber-focus-in-2023/
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* https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/06/russias-apt28-uses-fear-of-nuclear-war-to-spread-follina-docs-in-ukraine/
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* https://blog.sekoia.io/apt28-leverages-multiple-phishing-techniques-to-target-ukrainian-civil-society/
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* https://cert.gov.ua/article/40102
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* https://cert.gov.ua/article/5702579
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* https://community.blueliv.com/#!/s/5f6b482482df413eb5350d3b
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* https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-two-years-of-pawn-storm.pdf
* https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-05-ioc-mark.txt
* https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-09-ioc-mark.txt
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* https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/CyberMerceNary/wp-void-balaur-tracking-a-cybermercenarys-activities.pdf
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* https://github.com/fireeye/iocs/blob/master/APT28/e1cbf7ca-4938-4d3c-a7e6-3ff966516191.ioc
* https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF
* https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF
* https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/
* https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/
* https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2015/2015.11.04_Evolving_Threats/cct-w08_evolving-threats-dissection-of-a-cyber-espionage-attack.pdf
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* https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390942510927873
* https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390947665616897
* https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390955882319876
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* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/a-look-into-fysbis-sofacys-linux-backdoor/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-new-sofacy-attacks-against-us-government-agency/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/
* https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50
* https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/
* https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/NCSC_APT28.pdf
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ASongofIntelandFancy_ExploitingFancyBear%E2%80%99suseofSSLcertificate.pdf& y=2018
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part-2-ESET.pdf& y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part1-ESET.pdf& y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=FancyBearcontinuetooperatethroughphishingemailsandmuchmore_ESET.pdf& y=2017
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=OperationRussianDoll.pdf& y=2015
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=TheDeceptionProjectANewJapanese-CentricThreat-Cylance.pdf& y=2017
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectandFidelisTeamUptoExploretheDCCCBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf& y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectIdentifiesFANCYBEARWorldAnti-DopingAgencyBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf& y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=wp-operation-pawn-storm.pdf& y=2014
* https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/
* https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf
* https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf
* https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf
## Literature
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The following _articles_ explain our unique predictive cyber threat intelligence:
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* [VulDB Cyber Threat Intelligence Documentation ](https://vuldb.com/?kb.cti )
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* [Cyber Threat Intelligence - Early Anticipation of Attacks ](https://www.scip.ch/en/?labs.20201022 )
## License
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