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APT28 - Cyber Threat Intelligence
These indicators were reported, collected, and generated during the VulDB CTI analysis of the actor known as APT28. The activity monitoring correlates data from social media, forums, chat rooms, and darknet markets. It helps to determine associated actors, specific activities, expected intentions, emerging research, and ongoing attacks. Our unique predictive model uses big data to forecast activities and their characteristics.
Live data and more analysis capabilities are available at https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28
Campaigns
The following campaigns are known and can be associated with APT28:
- Carberp
- CVE-2022-30190
- Fysbis
- ...
There are 4 more campaign items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
Countries
These countries are directly (e.g. origin of attacks) or indirectly (e.g. access by proxy) associated with APT28:
There are 7 more country items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
IOC - Indicator of Compromise
These indicators of compromise (IOC) indicate associated network resources which are known to be part of research and attack activities of APT28.
| ID | IP address | Hostname | Campaign | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.63.153.177 | 5-63-153-177.ovz.vps.regruhosting.ru | - | High |
| 2 | 5.100.155.82 | 5.100.155-82.publicdomainregistry.com | - | High |
| 3 | 5.100.155.91 | 5.100.155-91.publicdomainregistry.com | - | High |
| 4 | 5.135.183.154 | ns3290077.ip-5-135-183.eu | Sednit | High |
| 5 | 5.199.171.58 | - | - | High |
| 6 | 18.130.154.13 | ec2-18-130-154-13.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium |
| 7 | 18.133.205.135 | ec2-18-133-205-135.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium |
| 8 | 18.133.249.238 | ec2-18-133-249-238.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium |
| 9 | 23.88.228.248 | - | - | High |
| 10 | 23.163.0.59 | naomi.rem2d.com | - | High |
| 11 | 23.227.196.21 | 23-227-196-21.static.hvvc.us | - | High |
| 12 | 23.227.196.215 | 23-227-196-215.static.hvvc.us | - | High |
| 13 | 23.227.196.217 | 23-227-196-217.static.hvvc.us | - | High |
| 14 | 31.184.198.23 | - | - | High |
| 15 | 31.184.198.38 | - | - | High |
| 16 | 31.220.43.99 | - | Sednit | High |
| 17 | 31.220.61.251 | - | - | High |
| 18 | 37.235.52.18 | 18.52.235.37.in-addr.arpa | - | High |
| 19 | 45.32.129.185 | 45.32.129.185.vultr.com | - | Medium |
| 20 | 45.32.227.21 | 45.32.227.21.mobiltel.mx | - | High |
| 21 | 45.64.105.23 | - | - | High |
| 22 | 45.124.132.127 | - | - | High |
| 23 | 46.19.138.66 | ab2.alchibasystems.in.net | - | High |
| 24 | 46.21.147.55 | 46-21-147-55.static.hvvc.us | - | High |
| 25 | 46.21.147.71 | 46-21-147-71.static.hvvc.us | - | High |
| 26 | 46.21.147.76 | 46-21-147-76.static.hvvc.us | - | High |
| 27 | 46.148.17.227 | - | - | High |
| 28 | 46.166.162.90 | - | Pawn Storm | High |
| 29 | 46.183.217.74 | ip-217-74.dataclub.info | Pawn Storm | High |
| 30 | 51.38.128.110 | vps-0a3489af.vps.ovh.net | - | High |
| 31 | 51.254.76.54 | - | - | High |
| 32 | 51.254.158.57 | - | - | High |
| 33 | 54.37.104.106 | piber.connectedlists.com | - | High |
| 34 | 58.49.58.58 | - | - | High |
| 35 | 62.113.232.197 | - | - | High |
| 36 | 66.172.11.207 | ip-66-172-11-207.chunkhost.com | Carberp | High |
| 37 | 66.172.12.133 | - | - | High |
| 38 | 68.76.150.97 | 68-76-150-97.lightspeed.hstntx.sbcglobal.net | - | High |
| 39 | 69.12.73.174 | 69.12.73.174.static.quadranet.com | Sednit | High |
| 40 | 69.16.243.33 | host.tecnode.com | - | High |
| 41 | 70.85.221.10 | server002.nilsson-it.dk | - | High |
| 42 | 70.85.221.20 | 14.dd.5546.static.theplanet.com | Pawn Storm | High |
| 43 | 76.74.177.251 | ip-76-74-177-251.chunkhost.com | - | High |
| 44 | 77.81.98.122 | no-rdns.clues.ro | - | High |
| 45 | 77.83.247.81 | - | Global Brute Force | High |
| 46 | 78.153.151.222 | smtp33.pristavka-fr.ru | - | High |
| 47 | 80.83.115.187 | host3.smtpnoida.biz | - | High |
| 48 | 80.255.3.93 | - | - | High |
| 49 | 80.255.3.94 | set121.com | - | High |
| 50 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
There are 195 more IOC items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
TTP - Tactics, Techniques, Procedures
Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) summarize the suspected MITRE ATT&CK techniques used by APT28. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
| ID | Technique | Weakness | Description | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | T1006 | CWE-21, CWE-22, CWE-23 | Pathname Traversal | High |
| 2 | T1055 | CWE-74 | Injection | High |
| 3 | T1059 | CWE-94 | Cross Site Scripting | High |
| 4 | T1059.007 | CWE-79, CWE-80 | Cross Site Scripting | High |
| 5 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
There are 18 more TTP items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
IOA - Indicator of Attack
These indicators of attack (IOA) list the potential fragments used for technical activities like reconnaissance, exploitation, privilege escalation, and exfiltration by APT28. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
| ID | Type | Indicator | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File | .travis.yml |
Medium |
| 2 | File | /admin/subnets/ripe-query.php |
High |
| 3 | File | /core/conditions/AbstractWrapper.java |
High |
| 4 | File | /dashboard/updatelogo.php |
High |
| 5 | File | /debug/pprof |
Medium |
| 6 | File | /etc/openshift/server_priv.pem |
High |
| 7 | File | /export |
Low |
| 8 | File | /file?action=download&file |
High |
| 9 | File | /hardware |
Medium |
| 10 | File | /index.php |
Medium |
| 11 | File | /librarian/bookdetails.php |
High |
| 12 | File | /messageboard/view.php |
High |
| 13 | File | /mgmt/tm/util/bash |
High |
| 14 | File | /mkshop/Men/profile.php |
High |
| 15 | File | /modules/projects/vw_files.php |
High |
| 16 | File | /monitoring |
Medium |
| 17 | File | /MTFWU |
Low |
| 18 | File | /Noxen-master/users.php |
High |
| 19 | File | /opt/zimbra/jetty/webapps/zimbra/public |
High |
| 20 | File | /plugin/LiveChat/getChat.json.php |
High |
| 21 | File | /plugins/servlet/audit/resource |
High |
| 22 | File | /plugins/servlet/project-config/PROJECT/roles |
High |
| 23 | File | /REBOOTSYSTEM |
High |
| 24 | File | /replication |
Medium |
| 25 | File | /RestAPI |
Medium |
| 26 | File | /servlet/webacc |
High |
| 27 | File | /textpattern/index.php |
High |
| 28 | File | /tmp/zarafa-vacation-* |
High |
| 29 | File | /uncpath/ |
Medium |
| 30 | File | /upload |
Low |
| 31 | File | /user/loader.php?api=1 |
High |
| 32 | File | /usr/bin/at |
Medium |
| 33 | File | /var/log/nginx |
High |
| 34 | File | /var/run/watchman.pid |
High |
| 35 | File | /viewer/krpano.html |
High |
| 36 | File | /wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url |
High |
| 37 | File | /wp-json/wc/v3/webhooks |
High |
| 38 | File | 20review.asp |
Medium |
| 39 | File | account.asp |
Medium |
| 40 | File | ActivityManagerService.java |
High |
| 41 | File | additem.asp |
Medium |
| 42 | File | admin.a6mambocredits.php |
High |
| 43 | File | admin.cropcanvas.php |
High |
| 44 | File | admin.joomlaradiov5.php |
High |
| 45 | File | admin.php |
Medium |
| 46 | File | admin.remository.php |
High |
| 47 | File | admin/addons/archive/archive.php |
High |
| 48 | File | adminAvatars.php |
High |
| 49 | File | AdxDSrv.exe |
Medium |
| 50 | ... | ... | ... |
There are 430 more IOA items available (file, library, argument, input value, pattern, network port). Please use our online service to access the data.
References
The following list contains external sources which discuss the actor and the associated activities:
- https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/ukraine-remains-russias-biggest-cyber-focus-in-2023/
- https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/06/russias-apt28-uses-fear-of-nuclear-war-to-spread-follina-docs-in-ukraine/
- https://cert.gov.ua/article/40102
- https://community.blueliv.com/#!/s/5f6b482482df413eb5350d3b
- https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-two-years-of-pawn-storm.pdf
- https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-05-ioc-mark.txt
- https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-09-ioc-mark.txt
- https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/CyberMerceNary/wp-void-balaur-tracking-a-cybermercenarys-activities.pdf
- https://github.com/fireeye/iocs/blob/master/APT28/e1cbf7ca-4938-4d3c-a7e6-3ff966516191.ioc
- https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF
- https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF
- https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/
- https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/
- https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2015/2015.11.04_Evolving_Threats/cct-w08_evolving-threats-dissection-of-a-cyber-espionage-attack.pdf
- https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390942510927873
- https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390947665616897
- https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390955882319876
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/a-look-into-fysbis-sofacys-linux-backdoor/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-new-sofacy-attacks-against-us-government-agency/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/
- https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/
- https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50
- https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/
- https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/NCSC_APT28.pdf
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ASongofIntelandFancy_ExploitingFancyBear%E2%80%99suseofSSLcertificate.pdf&y=2018
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part-2-ESET.pdf&y=2016
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part1-ESET.pdf&y=2016
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=FancyBearcontinuetooperatethroughphishingemailsandmuchmore_ESET.pdf&y=2017
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=OperationRussianDoll.pdf&y=2015
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=TheDeceptionProjectANewJapanese-CentricThreat-Cylance.pdf&y=2017
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectandFidelisTeamUptoExploretheDCCCBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf&y=2016
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectIdentifiesFANCYBEARWorldAnti-DopingAgencyBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf&y=2016
- https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=wp-operation-pawn-storm.pdf&y=2014
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf
- https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf
Literature
The following articles explain our unique predictive cyber threat intelligence:
- VulDB Cyber Threat Intelligence Documentation
- Cyber Threat Intelligence - Early Anticipation of Attacks
License
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