girc-atomic/client.go

// Copyright (c) Liam Stanley <me@liamstanley.io>. All rights reserved. Use
// of this source code is governed by the MIT license that can be found in
// the LICENSE file.

package girc

import (
	"crypto/tls"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"golang.org/x/net/context"
)

// Client contains all of the information necessary to run a single IRC
// client.
type Client struct {
	// Config represents the configuration
	Config Config
	// Events is a buffer of events waiting to be processed.
	Events chan *Event

	// state represents the throw-away state for the irc session.
	state *state
	// initTime represents the creation time of the client.
	initTime time.Time

	// Handlers is a handler which manages internal and external handlers.
	Handlers *Caller
	// CTCP is a handler which manages internal and external CTCP handlers.
	CTCP     *CTCP
	Commands *Commands

	// conn is a net.Conn reference to the IRC server.
	conn *ircConn
	// tries represents the internal reconnect count to the IRC server.
	tries int
	// reconnecting is true if the client is reconnecting, used so multiple
	// threads aren't trying to reconnect at the same time.
	reconnecting bool
	// cmux is the mux used for connections/disconnections from the server,
	// so multiple threads aren't trying to connect at the same time, and
	// vice versa.
	cmux sync.Mutex

	// debug is used if a writer is supplied for Client.Config.Debugger.
	debug *log.Logger

	// closeRead is the function which sends a close to the readLoop function
	// context.
	closeRead context.CancelFunc
	// closeExec is the function which sends a close to the execLoop function
	// context.
	closeExec context.CancelFunc
	// closeLoop is the function which sends a close to the Loop function
	// context.
	closeLoop context.CancelFunc
}

// Config contains configuration options for an IRC client
type Config struct {
	// Server is a host/ip of the server you want to connect to.
	Server string
	// Port is the port that will be used during server connection.
	Port int
	// Password is the server password used to authenticate.
	Password string
	// Nick is an rfc-valid nickname used during connect.
	Nick string
	// User is the username/ident to use on connect. Ignored if identd server
	// is used.
	User string
	// Name is the "realname" that's used during connect.
	Name string
	// Proxy is a proxy based address, used during the dial process when
	// connecting to the server. Currently, x/net/proxy only supports socks5,
	// however you can add your own proxy functionality using:
	//    proxy.RegisterDialerType
	//
	// Examples of how Proxy may be used:
	//    socks5://localhost:8080
	//    socks5://1.2.3.4:8888
	//    customProxy://example.com:8000
	//
	Proxy string
	// Bind is used to bind to a specific host or port during the dial
	// process when connecting to the server. This can be a hostname, however
	// it must resolve to an IPv4/IPv6 address bindable on your system.
	// Otherwise, you can simply use a IPv4/IPv6 address directly.
	Bind string
	// If we should connect via SSL. See TLSConfig to set your own TLS
	// configuration.
	SSL bool
	// TLSConfig is an optional user-supplied tls configuration, used during
	// socket creation to the server. SSL must be enabled for this to be used.
	TLSConfig *tls.Config
	// Retries is the number of times the client will attempt to reconnect
	// to the server after the last disconnect.
	Retries int
	// AllowFlood allows the client to bypass the rate limit of outbound
	// messages.
	AllowFlood bool
	// Debugger is an optional, user supplied location to log the raw lines
	// sent from the server, or other useful debug logs. Defaults to
	// ioutil.Discard. For quick debugging, this could be set to os.Stdout.
	Debugger io.Writer
	// RecoverFunc is called when a handler throws a panic. If RecoverFunc is
	// set, the panic will be considered recovered, otherwise the client will
	// panic. Set this to DefaultRecoverHandler if you don't want the client
	// to panic, however you don't want to handle the panic yourself.
	// DefaultRecoverHandler will log the panic to Debugger or os.Stdout if
	// Debugger is unset.
	RecoverFunc func(c *Client, e *HandlerError)
	// SupportedCaps are the IRCv3 capabilities you would like the client to
	// support. Only use this if DisableTracking and DisableCapTracking are
	// not enabled, otherwise you will need to handle CAP negotiation yourself.
	// The keys value gets passed to the server if supported.
	SupportedCaps map[string][]string
	// Version is the application version information that will be used in
	// response to a CTCP VERSION, if default CTCP replies have not been
	// overwritten or a VERSION handler was already supplied.
	Version string
	// ReconnectDelay is the a duration of time to delay before attempting a
	// reconnection. Defaults to 10s (minimum of 5s). This is ignored if
	// Reconnect() is called directly.
	ReconnectDelay time.Duration
	// HandleError if supplied, is called when one is disconnected from the
	// server, with a given error.
	HandleError func(error)

	// disableTracking disables all channel and user-level tracking. Useful
	// for highly embedded scripts with single purposes.
	disableTracking bool
	// disableCapTracking disables all network/server capability tracking.
	// This includes determining what feature the IRC server supports, what
	// the "NETWORK=" variables are, and other useful stuff. DisableTracking
	// cannot be enabled if you want to also tracking capabilities.
	disableCapTracking bool
	// disableNickCollision disables the clients auto-response to nickname
	// collisions. For example, if "test" is already in use, or is blocked by
	// the network/a service, the client will try and use "test_", then it
	// will attempt "test__", "test___", and so on.
	disableNickCollision bool
}

// ErrNotConnected is returned if a method is used when the client isn't
// connected.
var ErrNotConnected = errors.New("client is not connected to server")

// ErrAlreadyConnecting implies that a connection attempt is already happening.
var ErrAlreadyConnecting = errors.New("a connection attempt is already occurring")

// ErrDisconnected is called when Config.Retries is less than 1, and we
// non-intentionally disconnected from the server.
var ErrDisconnected = errors.New("unexpectedly disconnected")

// ErrInvalidTarget should be returned if the target which you are
// attempting to send an event to is invalid or doesn't match RFC spec.
type ErrInvalidTarget struct {
	Target string
}

func (e *ErrInvalidTarget) Error() string { return "invalid target: " + e.Target }

// New creates a new IRC client with the specified server, name and config.
func New(config Config) *Client {
	c := &Client{
		Config:   config,
		Events:   make(chan *Event, 100), // buffer 100 events max.
		CTCP:     newCTCP(),
		initTime: time.Now(),
	}

	c.Commands = &Commands{c: c}

	if c.Config.Debugger == nil {
		c.debug = log.New(ioutil.Discard, "", 0)
	} else {
		c.debug = log.New(c.Config.Debugger, "debug:", log.Ltime|log.Lshortfile)
		c.debug.Print("initializing debugging")
	}

	// Setup the caller.
	c.Handlers = newCaller(c.debug)

	// Give ourselves a new state.
	c.state = newState()

	// Register builtin handlers.
	c.registerBuiltins()

	// Register default CTCP responses.
	c.CTCP.addDefaultHandlers()

	return c
}

// String returns a brief description of the current client state.
func (c *Client) String() string {
	var connected bool
	if c.conn != nil {
		connected = c.conn.connected
	}

	return fmt.Sprintf(
		"<Client init:%q handlers:%d connected:%t reconnecting:%t tries:%d>",
		c.initTime.String(), c.Handlers.Len(), connected, c.reconnecting, c.tries,
	)
}

// Connect attempts to connect to the given IRC server
func (c *Client) Connect() error {
	// Clean up any old running stuff.
	c.cleanup(false)

	// We want to be the only one handling connects/disconnects right now.
	c.cmux.Lock()
	defer c.cmux.Unlock()

	// Reset the state.
	c.state = newState()

	// Validate info, and actually make the connection.
	c.debug.Printf("connecting to %s...", c.Server())
	conn, err := newConn(c.Config, c.Server())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.conn = conn

	// Send a virtual event allowing hooks for successful socket connection.
	c.Events <- &Event{Command: INITIALIZED, Trailing: c.Server()}

	var events []*Event

	// Passwords first.
	if c.Config.Password != "" {
		events = append(events, &Event{Command: PASS, Params: []string{c.Config.Password}})
	}

	// Then nickname.
	events = append(events, &Event{Command: NICK, Params: []string{c.Config.Nick}})

	// Then username and realname.
	if c.Config.Name == "" {
		c.Config.Name = c.Config.User
	}

	events = append(events, &Event{Command: USER, Params: []string{c.Config.User, "+iw", "*"}, Trailing: c.Config.Name})

	for i := 0; i < len(events); i++ {
		if err := c.write(events[i]); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// List the IRCv3 capabilities, specifically with the max protocol we
	// support.
	if err := c.listCAP(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Consider the connection a success at this point.
	c.tries = 0
	c.reconnecting = false

	// Start read loop to process messages from the server.
	var rctx, ectx context.Context
	rctx, c.closeRead = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	ectx, c.closeRead = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
	go c.readLoop(rctx)
	go c.execLoop(ectx)

	return nil
}

// reconnect is the internal wrapper for reconnecting to the IRC server (if
// requested.)
func (c *Client) reconnect(remoteInvoked bool) (err error) {
	if c.reconnecting {
		return ErrDisconnected
	}
	c.reconnecting = true
	defer func() {
		c.reconnecting = false
	}()

	c.cleanup(false)

	if c.Config.ReconnectDelay < (5 * time.Second) {
		c.Config.ReconnectDelay = 5 * time.Second
	}

	if c.Config.Retries < 1 && !remoteInvoked {
		return ErrDisconnected
	}

	if !remoteInvoked {
		// Delay so we're not slaughtering the server with a bunch of
		// connections.
		c.debug.Printf("reconnecting to %s in %s", c.Server(), c.Config.ReconnectDelay)
		time.Sleep(c.Config.ReconnectDelay)
	}

	for err = c.Connect(); err != nil && c.tries < c.Config.Retries; c.tries++ {
		c.debug.Printf("reconnecting to %s in %s (%d tries)", c.Server(), c.Config.ReconnectDelay, c.tries)
		time.Sleep(c.Config.ReconnectDelay)
	}

	if err != nil {
		// Too many errors at this point.
		c.cleanup(false)
	}

	return err
}

// Reconnect checks to make sure we want to, and then attempts to reconnect
// to the server. This will ignore the reconnect delay.
func (c *Client) Reconnect() error {
	return c.reconnect(true)
}

// cleanup is used to close out all threads used by the client, like read and
// write loops.
func (c *Client) cleanup(all bool) {
	c.cmux.Lock()

	// Close any connections they have open.
	if c.conn != nil {
		c.conn.Close()
	}

	if c.closeRead != nil {
		c.closeRead()
	}
	if c.closeExec != nil {
		c.closeExec()
	}

	if all {
		if c.closeLoop != nil {
			c.closeLoop()
		}
	}

	c.cmux.Unlock()
}

// quit is the underlying wrapper to quit from the network and cleanup.
func (c *Client) quit(sendMessage bool) {
	if sendMessage {
		c.Send(&Event{Command: QUIT, Trailing: "disconnecting..."})
	}

	c.Events <- &Event{Command: DISCONNECTED, Trailing: c.Server()}
	c.cleanup(false)
}

// Quit disconnects from the server.
func (c *Client) Quit() {
	c.quit(true)
}

// QuitWithMessage disconnects from the server with a given message.
func (c *Client) QuitWithMessage(message string) {
	c.Send(&Event{Command: QUIT, Trailing: message})
	c.quit(false)
}

// Stop exits the clients main loop and any other goroutines created by
// the client itself. This does not include handlers, as they will run for
// any incoming events prior to when Stop() or Quit() was called, until the
// event queue is empty and execution has completed for those handlers. This
// means that you are responsible to ensure that your handlers due not
// execute forever. Use Client.Quit() first if you want to disconnect the
// client from the server/connection gracefully.
func (c *Client) Stop() {
	c.quit(false)
	c.Events <- &Event{Command: STOPPED, Trailing: c.Server()}
}

// readLoop sets a timeout of 300 seconds, and then attempts to read from the
// IRC server. If there is an error, it calls Reconnect.
func (c *Client) readLoop(ctx context.Context) {
	var event *Event
	var err error

	for {
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		default:
			c.conn.setTimeout(300 * time.Second)
			event, err = c.conn.Decode()
			if err != nil {
				// Attempt a reconnect (if applicable). If it fails, send
				// the error to c.Config.HandleError to be dealt with, if
				// the handler exists.
				err = c.reconnect(false)
				if err != nil && c.Config.HandleError != nil {
					c.Config.HandleError(err)
				}

				return
			}

			if event == nil {
				continue
			}

			c.Events <- event
		}
	}
}

func (c *Client) execLoop(ctx context.Context) {
	for {
		select {
		case event := <-c.Events:
			c.RunHandlers(event)
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return
		}
	}
}

// Loop reads from the events channel and sends the events to be handled for
// every message it receives.
func (c *Client) Loop() {
	var ctx context.Context
	ctx, c.closeLoop = context.WithCancel(context.Background())

	<-ctx.Done()
}

// DisableTracking disables all channel and user-level tracking, and clears
// all internal handlers. Useful for highly embedded scripts with single
// purposes. This cannot be un-done.
func (c *Client) DisableTracking() {
	c.debug.Print("disabling tracking")
	c.Config.disableTracking = true
	c.Handlers.clearInternal()
	c.state.mu.Lock()
	c.state.channels = nil
	c.state.mu.Unlock()
	c.registerBuiltins()
}

// DisableCapTracking disables all network/server capability tracking, and
// clears all internal handlers. This includes determining what feature the
// IRC server supports, what the "NETWORK=" variables are, and other useful
// stuff. DisableTracking() cannot be called if you want to also track
// capabilities.
func (c *Client) DisableCapTracking() {
	// No need to mess with internal handlers. That should already be
	// handled by the clear in Client.DisableTracking().
	if c.Config.disableCapTracking {
		return
	}

	c.debug.Print("disabling CAP tracking")
	c.Config.disableCapTracking = true
	c.Handlers.clearInternal()
	c.registerBuiltins()
}

// DisableNickCollision disables the clients auto-response to nickname
// collisions. For example, if "test" is already in use, or is blocked by the
// network/a service, the client will try and use "test_", then it will
// attempt "test__", "test___", and so on.
func (c *Client) DisableNickCollision() {
	c.debug.Print("disabling nick collision prevention")
	c.Config.disableNickCollision = true
	c.Handlers.clearInternal()
	c.state.mu.Lock()
	c.state.channels = nil
	c.state.mu.Unlock()
	c.registerBuiltins()
}

// Server returns the string representation of host+port pair for net.Conn.
func (c *Client) Server() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", c.Config.Server, c.Config.Port)
}

// Lifetime returns the amount of time that has passed since the client was
// created.
func (c *Client) Lifetime() time.Duration {
	return time.Since(c.initTime)
}

// Send sends an event to the server. Use Client.RunHandlers() if you are
// simply looking to trigger handlers with an event.
func (c *Client) Send(event *Event) error {
	if !c.Config.AllowFlood {
		<-time.After(c.conn.rate(event.Len()))
	}

	return c.write(event)
}

// write is the lower level function to write an event.
func (c *Client) write(event *Event) error {
	c.conn.lastWrite = time.Now()

	// log the event
	if !event.Sensitive {
		c.debug.Print("> ", StripRaw(event.String()))
	}

	return c.conn.Encode(event)
}

// Uptime is the time at which the client successfully connected to the
// server.
func (c *Client) Uptime() (up *time.Time, err error) {
	if !c.IsConnected() {
		return nil, ErrNotConnected
	}

	up = c.conn.connTime

	return up, nil
}

// ConnSince is the duration that has past since the client successfully
// connected to the server.
func (c *Client) ConnSince() (since *time.Duration, err error) {
	if !c.IsConnected() {
		return nil, ErrNotConnected
	}

	timeSince := time.Since(*c.conn.connTime)

	return &timeSince, nil
}

// IsConnected returns true if the client is connected to the server.
func (c *Client) IsConnected() (connected bool) {
	if c.conn == nil {
		return false
	}
	return c.conn.connected
}

// GetNick returns the current nickname of the active connection. Returns
// empty string if tracking is disabled.
func (c *Client) GetNick() (nick string) {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("GetNick() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	c.state.mu.RLock()
	if c.state.nick == "" {
		nick = c.Config.Nick
	} else {
		nick = c.state.nick
	}
	c.state.mu.RUnlock()

	return nick
}

// Channels returns the active list of channels that the client is in.
// Panics if tracking is disabled.
func (c *Client) Channels() []string {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("Channels() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	channels := make([]string, len(c.state.channels))

	c.state.mu.RLock()
	var i int
	for channel := range c.state.channels {
		channels[i] = channel
		i++
	}
	c.state.mu.RUnlock()

	return channels
}

// IsInChannel returns true if the client is in channel. Panics if tracking
// is disabled.
func (c *Client) IsInChannel(channel string) bool {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("Channels() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	c.state.mu.RLock()
	_, inChannel := c.state.channels[strings.ToLower(channel)]
	c.state.mu.RUnlock()

	return inChannel
}

// GetServerOption retrieves a server capability setting that was retrieved
// during client connection. This is also known as ISUPPORT (or RPL_PROTOCTL).
// Will panic if used when tracking has been disabled. Examples of usage:
//
//   nickLen, success := GetServerOption("MAXNICKLEN")
//
func (c *Client) GetServerOption(key string) (result string, ok bool) {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("GetServerOption() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	c.state.mu.Lock()
	result, ok = c.state.serverOptions[key]
	c.state.mu.Unlock()

	return result, ok
}

// ServerName returns the server host/name that the server itself identifies
// as. May be empty if the server does not support RPL_MYINFO. Will panic if
// used when tracking has been disabled.
func (c *Client) ServerName() (name string) {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("ServerName() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	name, _ = c.GetServerOption("SERVER")

	return name
}

// NetworkName returns the network identifier. E.g. "EsperNet", "ByteIRC".
// May be empty if the server does not support RPL_ISUPPORT (or RPL_PROTOCTL).
// Will panic if used when tracking has been disabled.
func (c *Client) NetworkName() (name string) {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("NetworkName() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	name, _ = c.GetServerOption("NETWORK")

	return name
}

// ServerVersion returns the server software version, if the server has
// supplied this information during connection. May be empty if the server
// does not support RPL_MYINFO. Will panic if used when tracking has been
// disabled.
func (c *Client) ServerVersion() (version string) {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("ServerVersion() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	version, _ = c.GetServerOption("VERSION")

	return version
}

// ServerMOTD returns the servers message of the day, if the server has sent
// it upon connect. Will panic if used when tracking has been disabled.
func (c *Client) ServerMOTD() (motd string) {
	if c.Config.disableTracking {
		panic("ServerMOTD() used when tracking is disabled")
	}

	c.state.mu.Lock()
	motd = c.state.motd
	c.state.mu.Unlock()

	return motd
}