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# APT28 - Cyber Threat Intelligence
Update
2022-03-01 03:26:01 +00:00
These _indicators_ were reported, collected, and generated during the [VulDB CTI analysis](https://vuldb.com/?kb.cti) of the actor known as [APT28](https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28). The _activity monitoring_ correlates data from social media, forums, chat rooms, and darknet markets. It helps to determine associated actors, specific activities, expected intentions, emerging research, and ongoing attacks. Our unique _predictive model_ uses _big data_ to forecast activities and their characteristics.
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_Live data_ and more _analysis capabilities_ are available at [https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28](https://vuldb.com/?actor.apt28)
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## Campaigns
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The following _campaigns_ are known and can be associated with APT28:
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* Carberp
Update
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* CVE-2022-30190
Update December 2023
2023-12-31 08:50:55 +00:00
* CVE-2023-23397
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* ...
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There are 6 more campaign items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## Countries
Update
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These _countries_ are directly (e.g. origin of attacks) or indirectly (e.g. access by proxy) associated with APT28:
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* [VN](https://vuldb.com/?country.vn)
Update
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* [RO](https://vuldb.com/?country.ro)
Update December 2023
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* [CN](https://vuldb.com/?country.cn)
Update
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* ...
Update December 2023
2023-12-31 08:50:55 +00:00
There are 2 more country items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## IOC - Indicator of Compromise
Update
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These _indicators of compromise_ (IOC) indicate associated network resources which are known to be part of research and attack activities of APT28.
ID | IP address | Hostname | Campaign | Confidence
-- | ---------- | -------- | -------- | ----------
Update
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1 | [5.63.153.177](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.63.153.177) | 5-63-153-177.ovz.vps.regruhosting.ru | - | High
2 | [5.100.155.82](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.100.155.82) | 5.100.155-82.publicdomainregistry.com | - | High
3 | [5.100.155.91](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.100.155.91) | 5.100.155-91.publicdomainregistry.com | - | High
4 | [5.135.183.154](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.135.183.154) | ns3290077.ip-5-135-183.eu | Sednit | High
Update December 2023
2023-12-31 08:50:55 +00:00
5 | [5.199.162.132](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.199.162.132) | - | CVE-2023-23397 | High
6 | [5.199.171.58](https://vuldb.com/?ip.5.199.171.58) | - | - | High
Update March 2024
2024-03-05 08:28:27 +00:00
7 | [12.94.8.230](https://vuldb.com/?ip.12.94.8.230) | - | - | High
8 | [12.171.204.129](https://vuldb.com/?ip.12.171.204.129) | - | - | High
9 | [14.198.168.140](https://vuldb.com/?ip.14.198.168.140) | 014198168140.ctinets.com | CVE-2023-23397 | High
10 | [18.130.154.13](https://vuldb.com/?ip.18.130.154.13) | ec2-18-130-154-13.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium
11 | [18.133.205.135](https://vuldb.com/?ip.18.133.205.135) | ec2-18-133-205-135.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium
12 | [18.133.249.238](https://vuldb.com/?ip.18.133.249.238) | ec2-18-133-249-238.eu-west-2.compute.amazonaws.com | - | Medium
13 | [23.24.68.109](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.24.68.109) | 23-24-68-109-static.hfc.comcastbusiness.net | - | High
14 | [23.88.228.248](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.88.228.248) | - | - | High
15 | [23.163.0.59](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.163.0.59) | naomi.rem2d.com | - | High
16 | [23.227.196.21](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.227.196.21) | 23-227-196-21.static.hvvc.us | - | High
17 | [23.227.196.215](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.227.196.215) | 23-227-196-215.static.hvvc.us | - | High
18 | [23.227.196.217](https://vuldb.com/?ip.23.227.196.217) | 23-227-196-217.static.hvvc.us | - | High
19 | [24.11.70.85](https://vuldb.com/?ip.24.11.70.85) | c-24-11-70-85.hsd1.ut.comcast.net | - | High
20 | [24.142.165.2](https://vuldb.com/?ip.24.142.165.2) | 024-142-165-002.biz.spectrum.com | CVE-2023-23397 | High
21 | [31.184.198.23](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.184.198.23) | - | - | High
22 | [31.184.198.38](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.184.198.38) | - | - | High
23 | [31.220.43.99](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.220.43.99) | - | Sednit | High
24 | [31.220.61.251](https://vuldb.com/?ip.31.220.61.251) | - | - | High
25 | [37.235.52.18](https://vuldb.com/?ip.37.235.52.18) | 18.52.235.37.in-addr.arpa | - | High
26 | [42.98.5.225](https://vuldb.com/?ip.42.98.5.225) | 42-98-5-225.static.netvigator.com | CVE-2023-23397 | High
27 | [45.32.129.185](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.32.129.185) | 45.32.129.185.vultr.com | - | Medium
28 | [45.32.227.21](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.32.227.21) | 45.32.227.21.mobiltel.mx | - | High
29 | [45.64.105.23](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.64.105.23) | - | - | High
30 | [45.83.90.11](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.83.90.11) | - | CVE-2023-23397 | High
31 | [45.91.95.181](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.91.95.181) | sks3.simoxap.xyz | CVE-2023-23397 | High
32 | [45.124.132.127](https://vuldb.com/?ip.45.124.132.127) | - | - | High
33 | [46.19.138.66](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.19.138.66) | ab2.alchibasystems.in.net | - | High
34 | [46.21.147.55](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.21.147.55) | 46-21-147-55.static.hvvc.us | - | High
35 | [46.21.147.71](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.21.147.71) | 46-21-147-71.static.hvvc.us | - | High
36 | [46.21.147.76](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.21.147.76) | 46-21-147-76.static.hvvc.us | - | High
37 | [46.148.17.227](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.148.17.227) | - | - | High
38 | [46.166.162.90](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.166.162.90) | - | Pawn Storm | High
39 | [46.183.217.74](https://vuldb.com/?ip.46.183.217.74) | ip-217-74.dataclub.info | Pawn Storm | High
40 | [50.173.136.70](https://vuldb.com/?ip.50.173.136.70) | c-50-173-136-70.unallocated.comcastbusiness.net | CVE-2023-23397 | High
41 | [51.38.128.110](https://vuldb.com/?ip.51.38.128.110) | vps-0a3489af.vps.ovh.net | - | High
42 | [51.254.76.54](https://vuldb.com/?ip.51.254.76.54) | - | - | High
43 | [51.254.158.57](https://vuldb.com/?ip.51.254.158.57) | - | - | High
44 | [54.37.104.106](https://vuldb.com/?ip.54.37.104.106) | piber.connectedlists.com | - | High
45 | [58.49.58.58](https://vuldb.com/?ip.58.49.58.58) | - | - | High
46 | [61.14.68.33](https://vuldb.com/?ip.61.14.68.33) | - | CVE-2023-23397 | High
47 | [61.68.76.111](https://vuldb.com/?ip.61.68.76.111) | 61-68-76-111.tpgi.com.au | - | High
48 | [62.4.36.126](https://vuldb.com/?ip.62.4.36.126) | - | CVE-2023-23397 | High
49 | [62.113.232.197](https://vuldb.com/?ip.62.113.232.197) | - | - | High
50 | [66.172.11.207](https://vuldb.com/?ip.66.172.11.207) | ip-66-172-11-207.chunkhost.com | Carberp | High
51 | [66.172.12.133](https://vuldb.com/?ip.66.172.12.133) | - | - | High
52 | [68.76.150.97](https://vuldb.com/?ip.68.76.150.97) | 68-76-150-97.lightspeed.hstntx.sbcglobal.net | - | High
53 | [69.12.73.174](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.12.73.174) | 69.12.73.174.static.quadranet.com | Sednit | High
54 | [69.16.243.33](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.16.243.33) | host.tecnode.com | - | High
55 | [69.28.64.137](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.28.64.137) | - | - | High
56 | [69.51.2.106](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.51.2.106) | - | CVE-2023-23397 | High
57 | [69.162.253.21](https://vuldb.com/?ip.69.162.253.21) | 69-162-253-21.utopiafiber.com | CVE-2023-23397 | High
58 | [70.85.221.10](https://vuldb.com/?ip.70.85.221.10) | server002.nilsson-it.dk | - | High
59 | [70.85.221.20](https://vuldb.com/?ip.70.85.221.20) | 14.dd.5546.static.theplanet.com | Pawn Storm | High
60 | [73.80.9.137](https://vuldb.com/?ip.73.80.9.137) | c-73-80-9-137.hsd1.nj.comcast.net | CVE-2023-23397 | High
61 | [74.208.228.186](https://vuldb.com/?ip.74.208.228.186) | u17669945.onlinehome-server.com | CVE-2023-23397 | High
62 | ... | ... | ... | ...
There are 243 more IOC items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## TTP - Tactics, Techniques, Procedures
Update
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_Tactics, techniques, and procedures_ (TTP) summarize the suspected MITRE ATT&CK techniques used by _APT28_. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
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ID | Technique | Weakness | Description | Confidence
-- | --------- | -------- | ----------- | ----------
Update March 2024
2024-03-05 08:28:27 +00:00
1 | T1006 | CWE-21, CWE-22, CWE-23, CWE-29 | Path Traversal | High
2 | T1055 | CWE-74 | Injection | High
3 | T1059 | CWE-94, CWE-1321 | Argument Injection | High
4 | T1059.007 | CWE-79, CWE-80 | Cross Site Scripting | High
5 | ... | ... | ... | ...
Update
2022-02-05 07:47:58 +00:00
Update March 2024
2024-03-05 08:28:27 +00:00
There are 18 more TTP items available. Please use our online service to access the data.
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## IOA - Indicator of Attack
Update
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These _indicators of attack_ (IOA) list the potential fragments used for technical activities like reconnaissance, exploitation, privilege escalation, and exfiltration by APT28. This data is unique as it uses our predictive model for actor profiling.
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ID | Type | Indicator | Confidence
-- | ---- | --------- | ----------
Update February 2024
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1 | File | `/.env` | Low
Update March 2024
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2 | File | `/act/ActDao.xml` | High
3 | File | `/admin/` | Low
Update February 2024
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4 | File | `/admin/action/new-father.php` | High
5 | File | `/admin/clientview.php` | High
6 | File | `/admin/edit_teacher.php` | High
7 | File | `/admin/fields/manage_field.php` | High
8 | File | `/admin/regester.php` | High
9 | File | `/admin/update-clients.php` | High
10 | File | `/admin_ping.htm` | High
11 | File | `/admin_route/dec_service_credits.php` | High
12 | File | `/admin_route/inc_service_credits.php` | High
Update March 2024
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13 | File | `/api/cron/settings/setJob/` | High
14 | File | `/api/sys/set_passwd` | High
15 | File | `/api/v1/terminal/sessions/?limit=1` | High
16 | File | `/app/api/controller/default/Sqlite.php` | High
17 | File | `/application/index/controller/Databasesource.php` | High
18 | File | `/application/index/controller/Icon.php` | High
19 | File | `/application/index/controller/Screen.php` | High
20 | File | `/application/plugins/controller/Upload.php` | High
21 | File | `/apply.cgi` | Medium
22 | File | `/arch/x86/mm/cpu_entry_area.c` | High
23 | File | `/authenticationendpoint/login.do` | High
24 | File | `/b2b-supermarket/shopping-cart` | High
25 | File | `/bin/boa` | Medium
26 | File | `/boaform/device_reset.cgi` | High
27 | File | `/boafrm/formMapDelDevice` | High
28 | File | `/bsms_ci/index.php` | High
29 | File | `/bsms_ci/index.php/user/edit_user/` | High
30 | File | `/cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi` | High
31 | File | `/cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi?action=login` | High
32 | File | `/cgi-bin/kerbynet` | High
33 | File | `/cgi-bin/koha/catalogue/search.pl` | High
34 | File | `/cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi` | High
35 | File | `/cgi-bin/R14.2/cgi-bin/R14.2/host.pl` | High
36 | File | `/cgi-bin/R14.2/easy1350.pl` | High
37 | File | `/cgi-bin/wlogin.cgi` | High
38 | File | `/clinic/disease_symptoms_view.php` | High
39 | File | `/config/getuser` | High
40 | File | `/core/redirect` | High
41 | File | `/dashboard/message` | High
42 | File | `/dashboard/snapshot/*?orgId=0` | High
43 | File | `/debug/pprof` | Medium
44 | File | `/DXR.axd` | Medium
45 | File | `/ECT_Provider/` | High
46 | ... | ... | ...
There are 401 more IOA items available (file, library, argument, input value, pattern, network port). Please use our online service to access the data.
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## References
Update
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The following list contains _external sources_ which discuss the actor and the associated activities:
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Update October 2023
2023-10-27 11:52:44 +00:00
* https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/government-backed-actors-exploiting-winrar-vulnerability/
Update May 2023
2023-05-01 06:17:50 +00:00
* https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/ukraine-remains-russias-biggest-cyber-focus-in-2023/
Update
2022-06-28 08:28:01 +00:00
* https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/06/russias-apt28-uses-fear-of-nuclear-war-to-spread-follina-docs-in-ukraine/
Update July 2023
2023-07-01 06:50:45 +00:00
* https://blog.sekoia.io/apt28-leverages-multiple-phishing-techniques-to-target-ukrainian-civil-society/
Update
2022-08-02 08:09:08 +00:00
* https://cert.gov.ua/article/40102
Update October 2023
2023-10-27 11:52:44 +00:00
* https://cert.gov.ua/article/5702579
Update
2022-09-08 08:24:13 +00:00
* https://community.blueliv.com/#!/s/5f6b482482df413eb5350d3b
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* https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/wp/wp-two-years-of-pawn-storm.pdf
* https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-05-ioc-mark.txt
* https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/APT28/IOC/2019-04-09-ioc-mark.txt
Update
2022-10-14 15:10:40 +00:00
* https://github.com/blackorbird/APT_REPORT/blob/master/CyberMerceNary/wp-void-balaur-tracking-a-cybermercenarys-activities.pdf
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* https://github.com/fireeye/iocs/blob/master/APT28/e1cbf7ca-4938-4d3c-a7e6-3ff966516191.ioc
Update March 2024
2024-03-05 08:28:27 +00:00
* https://harfanglab.io/en/insidethelab/compromised-routers-infrastructure-target-europe-caucasus/
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* https://media.defense.gov/2020/Aug/13/2002476465/-1/-1/0/CSA_DROVORUB_RUSSIAN_GRU_MALWARE_AUG_2020.PDF
* https://media.defense.gov/2021/Jul/01/2002753896/-1/-1/1/CSA_GRU_GLOBAL_BRUTE_FORCE_CAMPAIGN_UOO158036-21.PDF
* https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2019/08/05/corporate-iot-a-path-to-intrusion/
* https://netzpolitik.org/2015/digital-attack-on-german-parliament-investigative-report-on-the-hack-of-the-left-party-infrastructure-in-bundestag/
* https://paper.seebug.org/papers/APT/APT_CyberCriminal_Campagin/2015/2015.11.04_Evolving_Threats/cct-w08_evolving-threats-dissection-of-a-cyber-espionage-attack.pdf
Update
2022-06-28 08:28:01 +00:00
* https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390942510927873
* https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390947665616897
* https://twitter.com/teamcymru_S2/status/1540390955882319876
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* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/a-look-into-fysbis-sofacys-linux-backdoor/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/dear-joohn-sofacy-groups-global-campaign/
Update December 2023
2023-12-31 08:50:55 +00:00
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/russian-apt-fighting-ursa-exploits-cve-2023-233397/
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* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-new-sofacy-attacks-against-us-government-agency/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-continues-global-attacks-wheels-new-cannon-trojan/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacy-groups-parallel-attacks/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-sofacys-komplex-os-x-trojan/
* https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-xagentosx-sofacys-xagent-macos-tool/
* https://www.accenture.com/t20181129T203820Z__w__/us-en/_acnmedia/PDF-90/Accenture-snakemackerel-delivers-zekapab-malware.pdf#zoom=50
* https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/bears-midst-intrusion-democratic-national-committee/
* https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/NCSC_APT28.pdf
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ASongofIntelandFancy_ExploitingFancyBear%E2%80%99suseofSSLcertificate.pdf&y=2018
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part-2-ESET.pdf&y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=eset-sednit-part1-ESET.pdf&y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=FancyBearcontinuetooperatethroughphishingemailsandmuchmore_ESET.pdf&y=2017
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=OperationRussianDoll.pdf&y=2015
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=TheDeceptionProjectANewJapanese-CentricThreat-Cylance.pdf&y=2017
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectandFidelisTeamUptoExploretheDCCCBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf&y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=ThreatConnectIdentifiesFANCYBEARWorldAnti-DopingAgencyBreach-ThreatConnect.pdf&y=2016
* https://www.threatminer.org/report.php?q=wp-operation-pawn-storm.pdf&y=2014
Update March 2024
2024-03-05 08:28:27 +00:00
* https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/24/a/pawn-storm-uses-brute-force-and-stealth.html
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* https://www.welivesecurity.com/2019/05/22/journey-zebrocy-land/
* https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part-2.pdf
* https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/eset-sednit-part3.pdf
* https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ESET-LoJax.pdf
## Literature
Update
2022-02-23 08:46:58 +00:00
The following _articles_ explain our unique predictive cyber threat intelligence:
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Update
2022-01-26 14:36:47 +00:00
* [VulDB Cyber Threat Intelligence Documentation](https://vuldb.com/?kb.cti)
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* [Cyber Threat Intelligence - Early Anticipation of Attacks](https://www.scip.ch/en/?labs.20201022)
## License
Update February 2024
2024-02-02 09:19:44 +00:00
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